Biosphere Origin and Evolution

Modern natural science shows that the infancy of life on Earth experienced prebiotic evolution and included the emergence of primitive self-reproducing biologic forms and their systems. The subsequent coevolution of inorganic environment and biologic systems resulted in global propagation of life over the Earth and its enormous diversification. Diverse living organisms colonized the land, water, and atmosphere, as well as upper layers of the lithosphere, thereby forming the biosphere. Formerly, it was thought that abiogenic synthesis of prebiotic matter occurred in the Earth's atmosphere on land surface. However, the presence of life signs in rocks more than 3. 5 Gyr old suggests that the chemical matter evolution stage with synthesis of organic compounds from simple molecules is more likely to have occurred in the preglobal circumstellar disk together with the RNA world and the emergence of life itself. This notion removes the restriction imposed by the Earth's age and environmental conditions on the young Earth. It is favored by detection of intricate organic compounds on meteorites, comets, and (according to spectral data) in gasdust nebulae. The detection of life traces in meteorite bodies of the same age as the Earth and the Solar System indicates that life in the latter can be older than the Earth as documented by geologic records. The key features of living systems allowing their existence in time and space are self-reproduction and ability to evolve. The inseparability of these features was expressed by N. V.

Inhalt
Problems of Biosphere Evolution and Origin of Life.- On Important Stages of Geosphere and Biosphere Evolution.- Microbial Biosphere.- Prebiological Stages of Evolution and RNA World on the Earth and in the Space.- Astrocatalysis Hypothesis for Origin of Life Problem.- Comets, Carbonaceous Meteorites, and the Origin of the Biosphere.- Hierarchical Scale-Free Representation of Biological RealmIts Origin and Evolution.- The Prebiotic Phase of the Origin of Life as Seen by a Physical Chemist.- Prebiotic Carbohydrates and Their Derivates.- Theoretical and Computer Modeling of Evolution of Autocatalytic Systems in a Flow Reactor.- RNA World: First Steps Towards Functional Molecules.- Trans Hammerhead Ribozyme: Ligation vs. Cleavage.- Paradoxical Bistate Status of a Prebiotic Microsystem: Universal Predecessor of Life.- ArchaenProterozoic Ecosystems: Their Interaction and Contemporary Analogous.- The Ancient Anoxic Biosphere Was Not As We Know It.- Evolutionary Aspects of Geochemical Activity of Microbial Mats in Lakes and Hydrotherms of Baikal Rift Zone.- On the concept for the Organization of the Modern Biosphere in the Terrestrial Subsurface.- Biomineralization and Evolution. Coevolution of Mineral and Biological Worlds.- Visualization of the Silicon Biomineralization in Cyanobacteria, Sponges and Diatoms.- Transformational Changes in Argillaceous Minerals due to Cyanobacteria.- Coevolution of Geological and Biological Events in Phanerozoe.- Ecological Revolution Through Ordovician Biosphere (495 to 435 Ma ages): Start of the Coherent Life Evolution.- Ecosystems and Molecular Genetic Factors of Organism Evolution.- Evolution by Gene Duplications: from the Origin of the Genetic Code to the Human Genome.- Evolution of the Translation Termination System in Eukaryotes.- The Hedgehog Signaling Cascade System: Evolution and Functional Dynamics.- Approaches to the Resolution of Contradictions Between Phylogenetic Systems Based on Paleontological and Molecular Data.- Chromosomes and Speciation.- Biotic Turnover in Superorganism Systems: Several Principles of Establishment and Sustenance (Theoretical Analysis, Debatable Issues).- Chromosomes and Continents.- Biosphere and Human Being.- Genetic Landscape of the Central Asia and VolgaUral Region.- Problems of Reconstruction of Paleoenvironment and Conditions of the Habitability of the Ancient Man by the Example of Northwestern Altai.- The Settling of the Ancient Man by the Example of North-Western Altai.- Evolutionary History of Wheatsthe Main Cereal of Mankind.