Microbial Interactions at Nanobiotechnology Interfaces

MICROBIAL INTERACTIONS AT NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY INTERFACES

This book covers a wide range of topics including synthesis of nanomaterials with specific size, shape, and properties, structure-function relationships, tailoring the surface of nanomaterials for improving the properties, interaction of nanomaterials with proteins/microorganism/eukaryotic cells, and applications in different sectors.

This book also provides a strong foundation for researchers who are interested to venture into developing functionalized nanomaterials for any biological applications in their research. Practical concepts such as modelling nanomaterials, and simulating the molecular interactions with biomolecules, transcriptomic or genomic approaches, advanced imaging techniques to investigate the functionalization of nanomaterials/interaction of nanomaterials with biomolecules and microorganisms are some of the chapters that offer significant benefits to the researchers.

Autorentext

Navanietha Rathinam is a Research Scientist in the Composite and Nanocomposite Advanced Manufacturing-Biomaterials Center, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota Mines, Rapid City, SD. His research activities are focused on bio-electrochemical interface technologies, biomaterials, and biofilm engineering. He received the Young Faculty Award for his accomplishments in teaching and research. In 2016, he received the Award for Cutting Edge Research (Fulbright Faculty Award). He has been a PI/Co-I for 4 research grants and served as a panelist for NASA and National Science Foundation. He is currently serving as an Ambassador to the American Society for Microbiology. He also serves as an editor for books on Bioelectrochemical Interface Engineering (WILEY), Biofilm engineering (American Chemical Society), and Biomanufacturing (American Chemical Society). He is an Associate editor for IEEE Access and an editorial board member for a few reputed journals.

Rajesh Sani is a Professor in the Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Applied Biological Sciences at South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, South Dakota, USA. His research expertise includes Extremophilic Bioprocessing, Biocatalysis, Rules of Life in Biofilms, Biomaterials, Gas to Liquid Fuels, Genome Editing of Extremophiles and Space Biology. Over the past 14 years, he has been the PI or co-PI on over $44.45 million in funded research. He has one patent, seven invention disclosures, and published over 94 peer-reviewed articles in high impact factor journals and have contributed to over 24 book chapters. In addition, he has edited eight books and one Proceedings for Springer International Publishing AG, Wiley, and ACS publications. Dr Sani has been leading a research consortium funded by the NSF with the aid of 84 scientists and engineers.

Klappentext

This book covers a wide range of topics including synthesis of nanomaterials with specific size, shape, and properties, structure-function relationships, tailoring the surface of nanomaterials for improving the properties, interaction of nanomaterials with proteins/microorganism/eukaryotic cells, and applications in different sectors.

This book also provides a strong foundation for researchers who are interested to venture into developing functionalized nanomaterials for any biological applications in their research. Practical concepts such as modelling nanomaterials, and simulating the molecular interactions with biomolecules, transcriptomic or genomic approaches, advanced imaging techniques to investigate the functionalization of nanomaterials/interaction of nanomaterials with biomolecules and microorganisms are some of the chapters that offer significant benefits to the researchers.

Zusammenfassung
MICROBIAL INTERACTIONS AT NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY INTERFACES This book covers a wide range of topics including synthesis of nanomaterials with specific size, shape, and properties, structure-function relationships, tailoring the surface of nanomaterials for improving the properties, interaction of nanomaterials with proteins/microorganism/eukaryotic cells, and applications in different sectors. This book also provides a strong foundation for researchers who are interested to venture into developing functionalized nanomaterials for any biological applications in their research. Practical concepts such as modelling nanomaterials, and simulating the molecular interactions with biomolecules, transcriptomic or genomic approaches, advanced imaging techniques to investigate the functionalization of nanomaterials/interaction of nanomaterials with biomolecules and microorganisms are some of the chapters that offer significant benefits to the researchers.

Inhalt
Preface xi

List of Contributors xiii

1 Shape- and Size-Dependent Antibacterial Activity of Nanomaterials **1
**Senthilguru Kulanthaivel and Prashant Mishra

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Synthesis of Nanomaterials 3

1.3 Classification of NMs 4

1.3.1 Classification Based on Dimensions 5

1.3.1.1 Zero-Dimensional NMs 5

1.3.1.2 One-Dimensional NMs 6

1.3.1.3 Two-Dimensional NMs 6

1.3.1.4 Three-Dimensional NMs 6

1.3.2 Classification Based on Chemical Compositions 7

1.3.2.1 Carbon-Based NMs 7

1.3.2.2 Organic-Based NMs 7

1.3.2.3 Inorganic-Based NMs 8

1.3.3 Classification Based on Origin 9

1.4 Application of NMs 9

1.4.1 Advanced Application of NMs as Antimicrobial Agents 9

1.5 Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics 10

1.5.1 Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance 10

1.5.1.1 Antibiotics Modification 11

1.5.1.2 Antibiotic Efflux 12

1.5.1.3 Target Modification or Bypass or Protection 12

1.6 Microbial Resistance: Role of NMs 12

1.6.1 Overcoming the Existing Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms 13

1.6.1.1 Combating Microbes Using Multiple Mechanisms Simultaneously 13

1.6.1.2 Acting as Good Carriers of Antibiotics 13

1.7 Antibacterial Application of NMs 15

1.7.1 Nanometals 16

1.7.2 Metal Oxides 17

1.7.3 Carbonaceous NMs 18

1.7.4 Cationic Polymer NMs 19

1.8 Interaction of NMs with Bacteria 19

1.9 Antibacterial Mechanism of NMs 20

1.10 Factors Affecting the Antibacterial Activity of NMs 22

1.10.1 Size 22

1.10.2 Shape 23

1.10.3 Zeta Potential 24

1.10.4 Roughness 24

1.10.5 Synthesis Methods and Stabilizing Agents 25

1.10.6 Environmental Conditions 26

1.11 Influence of Size on the Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Action of Nanomaterials 27

1.12 Influence of Shape on the Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Action of Nanomaterials 30

1.13 Effects of Functionalization on the Antimicrobial Property of Nanomaterials 34

1.14 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 35

Questions and Answers 36

References 38

2 Size- and Shape-Selective Synthesis of DNA-Based Nanomaterials and Their Application in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering **53
**K. Karthick and Subrata Kundu

2.1 Introduction 53

2.2 Mechanism of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) 55

2.2.1 Significance of Nano-Bio Interfaces and Role of DNA in Enhancing SERS Activity 56

2.3 Size- and Shape-Selective Synthesis of Metal NPs with DNA for SERS Studies 57

2.3.1 Metal NP Assemblies on DNA Using Photochemical Route for SERS Studies 58

2.3.2 Metal NP Assemblies on DNA Using Chemical Reduction Process as Aquasol for SERS Studies 69

2.3.3 Metal NP Assemblies on DNA Using Chemical Reduction as Organosol for SERS Studies 77

2.3.4 Metal NP Assemblies on DNA Prepared Using Microwave Heating for SERS Studies 79

2.3.5 Conclusions and Outcomes of DNA-Based Metal Nanostructures for SERS Studies 83

Take Home Message 85

Questions and Answers 85

References 86

Academic Profile 90

3 Surface Modification Strategies to Control the NanomaterialMicrobe Interplay **93
**T. K. Vasudha, R. Akhil, W. Aadinath, and Vignesh Muthuvijayan

3.1 Introduct…