Global Seismicity Dynamics and Data-Driven Science

The recent explosion of global and regional seismicity data in the world requires new methods of investigation of microseismicity and development of their modelling to understand the nature of whole earth mechanics. In this book, the author proposes a powerful tool to reveal the characteristic features of global and regional microseismicity big data accumulated in the databases of the world. The method proposed in this monograph is based on (1) transformation of stored big data to seismicity density data archives, (2) linear transformation of microseismicity density data matrixes to correlated seismicity matrixes by means of the singular value decomposition method, (3) time series analyses of globally and regionally correlated seismicity rates, and (4) the minimal non-linear equations approximation of their correlated seismicity rate dynamics. Minimal non-linear modelling is the manifestation for strongly correlated seismicity time series controlled by Langevin-type stochastic dynamicequations involving deterministic terms and random Gaussian noises. A deterministic term is composed minimally with correlated seismicity rate vectors of a linear term and of a term with a third exponent. Thus, the dynamics of correlated seismicity in the world contains linearly changing stable nodes and rapid transitions between them with transient states. This book contains discussions of future possibilities of stochastic extrapolations of global and regional seismicity in order to reduce earthquake disasters worldwide. The dataset files are available online and can be downloaded at springer.com.

Auteur

Mitsuhiro Toriumi is a senior researcher at the Japan Agency of Marine - Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC). He was chief scientist of the board of innovation center of JAMSTEC and studied application of data-driven science and machine learning for global and regional seismicity. He was the research director of the Institute for Research on Earth Evolution (IFREE) and a professor in the Department of Complex Science and Engineering and a professor in the Faculty of Science, The University of Tokyo. During his early career, he was an associate professor of the Faculty of Science of Ehime University and an assistant professor of The University of Tokyo. He is an invited professor of the Open University of Japan. He has published and edited several books in the field of petrology, rheology, earth science, and solid earth science. He is a committee member of the Research Organization of Information and Systems of Japan and an adviser in Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (Information and Measurement). He has been awarded the Geological Society of Japan Award.

Contenu

Chapter 1. Introduction Chapter 2. Nature of Earthquakes in the Solid Earth 2-1. Global Earthquake Distribution and Plate Tectonics 2-2. Earthquake Propagation and Shear Instability 2-3. Earthquakes and Global Network of Seismic Stations Chapter 3. Global Seismicity of the Solid Earth 3-1. Stochastic Natures of Seismicity 3-2. Two Types of Earthquakes and Their Occurrences 3-3. The Global Seismicity of Subduction Zones 3-4. The Global Seismicity of Mid Oceanic Ridges 3-5. Global Moment Release Rates by Large Earthquakes 3-6. Stress Orientation and Seismic Anisotropy of the Plate Boundary Chapter 4. Data - Driven Sciences for Geosciences 4-1. Matrix Decomposition Method and Sparse Modeling 4-2. Deep Neural Network Approximation 4-3. State - Space Modeling of Time Series 4-4. Frobenius Norm Maximum Method for Dynamics Chapter 5. Data-Driven Science of Seismicity 5-1. Data Cloud of the Global and Japanese Seismicity 5-2. Data - Driven Sciences of Global Seismicity Dynamics 5-3. The Characteristic Features of the Correlated Global Seismicity 5-4. Global Seismic Moment Release Rate and Correlated Seismicity Rates 5-5. Correlated Seismicity Rate Variations of Global Ocean Ridges Chapter 6. Down Scaling Seismicity of Japanese Regions 6-1. Outline of Tectonics of the Japanese Islands 6-2. Seismicity of Japanese Islands Regions 6-3. Seismicity Cloud of Japanese Islands Crust and Mantle 6-4. Characteristic Features of Correlated Seismicity Rates 6-5. Characteristic Features of Correlated Seismicity Rates Time Series 6-6. Correlated Seismicity Rates on z1-z2-z3 Diagram 6-7. Coherency of Correlated Seismicity Rates between Mantle and Crust 6-8. Annual Variation of the Correlated Seismicity Rates 6-9. Annual Variation of the Partial b-value Time Series 6-10. Correlated Seismicity of Non - Snowy and Snowy Regions of Japanese Islands 6-11. Partial b123 and b234 Values and Correlated Seismicity Rates 6-12. Correlated Seismicity Rates between Global and Japanese Islands Region Chapter 7. Correlated Seismicity of the Northern California Region 7-1. Introduction 7-2. Seismicity Cloud of the Northern California Region 7-3. Correlated Seismicity Rates in Northern California 7-4. Partial b-values Variations of the Northern California Region 7-5. Comparison between Global Subduction Zones and Northern California Regions Chapter 8. Model of Seismicity Dynamics from Data-Driven Science 8-1. Minimal Model of Global Seismicity Dynamics 8-2. Synthetic Coherency of Seismicity Dynamics by Slider Block Model Chapter 9. Seismicity Dynamics Model of Global Earth and Japanese Island Region 9-1. Minimal Model of the Global and Japanese Seismicity Dynamics 9-2. Minimal Dynamic Model of Japanese Correlated Seismicity 9-3. Partial b-value Change and its Annual Variation Chapter 10. Predictive Modeling of Global and Regional Seismicity Rates 10-1. State - Space Modeling of Global and Japanese Seismicity Dynamics 10-2. Inversion of the Global Seismicity Rates from Correlated Seismicity 10-3. Data-Driven Sciences and Machine Learning of Global Seismicity 10-4. The Main Sequence of Relations between Global Correlated Seismicity Rates and Local Seismicity Rates: The Cases of Japanese Islands, Sumatra and Chile. 10-5. Global Seismicity Dynamics and Plate Tectonics 10-6. Possibility of Deep Learning Recurrent Neural Network for Prediction of the Seismic Activity 10-7. System Model of the Correlated Seismicity, Plate Boundary Slip, and Fluid Flux in the Subduction zone Chapter 11. Future Problems of Prediction of Giant Plate Boundary Earthquakes Appendix I. Application of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) Modeling for Global Seismicity Dynamics Appendix II. Comments on Databases and Software Used in This Book