Plastid Development in Leaves during Growth and Senescence

With the latest updates on environmental modulation of chloroplast development and senescence, this volume reflects developments in genomics, bioinformatics, and plant molecular biology which have greatly enhanced our knowledge of chloroplast life-cycles.

Chloroplast development is a key feature of leaf developmental program. Recent advances in plant biology reveal that chloroplasts also determine the development, the structure and the physiology of the entire plant. The books, published thus far, have emphasized the biogenesis of the organelle, but not the events associated with the transformation of the mature chloroplast to the gerontoplast during senescence. This book, with 28 chapters, is unique because it describes how the chloroplast matures and how it is subsequently transformed to become the gerontoplast during senescence, a process required for nutrient recycling in plants. This book includes a state-of-the-art survey of the current knowledge on the regulation and the mechanisms of chloroplast development. Some of the chapters critically discuss the signaling process, the expression potential of plastid DNA, the interaction of cellular organelles, and the molecular mechanisms associated with the assembly and the disassembly of organellar complexes and finally the modulation of chloroplast development by environmental signals.

Provides emerging concepts of chloroplast development during plant growth and senescence Includes chapters on current development of knowledge of inter-organellar signalings regulating chloroplast development Updates recent information on environmental modulation of chloroplast development and senescence

Klappentext

The major function of chloroplasts in green plants and algae is oxygenic photosynthesis. Further, chloroplasts manufacture essential metabolites and phytohormones. Because of the extensive interconnection with cellular metabolic and regulatory networks, development of the organelle and the organism are coordinately regulated. Conversion of proplastids to chloroplasts is associated with the development of the entire organism, and dismantling of chloroplasts during the chloroplast-to-gerontoplast transition is coupled to senescence, the terminal phase of development. The availability of genomic tools of model plants, especially those of Arabidopsis, have allowed us to understand many complex problems associated with organelle biogenesis and senescence. Twenty-eight chapters in this book provide updated information on chloroplast development. The dynamic nature of plastid genome expression, regulation, and stability during development have been critically reviewed. In addition, authors describe how the development of emerging techniques and tools of bioinformatics, as well as rapid progress in plant molecular biology, have significantly expanded our knowledge in the area of biogenesis of the chloroplast. The book reviews the current literature on the coordinated synthesis of lipids, pigments and proteins, trafficking of the essential components, the assembly and the regulation of the protein complexes in the thylakoids as well as of the CO2-fixing enzyme Rubisco. The book provides information on genetically programmed leaf senescence and regulated disassembly of the organellar complexes during chloroplast to gerontoplast transformation. The book also deals with the response of the developing chloroplast to environmental signals through modifications and adaptation. This book was designed for those interested in plastid biology, plant development and photosynthesis, but will also be of general interest to plant biologists. dy>

Inhalt
Preface.- Part I: General Aspects of Chloroplast Development.- 1. The Dynamic Role of Chloroplasts in Integrating Plant Growth and Development; Karin Krupinska et al.- 2. Chloroplast Development: Time, Dissipative Structure and Fluctuations; Mukesh K. Raval et al.- Part II: Chloroplast Biogenesis During Leaf Development.- 3. Etioplasts and their Significance in Chloroplast Biogenesis; Katalin Solymosi, Henrik Aronsson.- 4. The Biogenesis of the Thylakoid Membrane Photosystem II, a Case Study; Karin Meierhoff, Peter Westhoff.- 5. Organization and Assembly of Photosystem I; Yukako Hihara, Kintake Sonoike.- 6. Rubisco Assembly - a Research Memoir; Harry Roy.- 7. Glycerolipid Biosynthesis and Chloroplast Biogenesis; Maryse Block et al.- 8. Chloroplasts Contact with the Endoplasmatic Reticulum and Lipid Trafficking; Mats X. Andersson.- 9. Stromule Formation; John C. Gray.- Part III: The Plastid Genome and its Expression during Chloroplast Development.- 10. Dynamic Features of the Plastid Genome and its Transcriptional Control in Plastid Development; Kengo Kanamaru, Mamoru Sugita.- 11. Development-Dependent Changes in the Amount and Structural Organization of Plastid DNA; Karsten Liere, Thomas Börner.- 12. The Ins and Outs of Chloroplast Protein Transport; Qihua Ling et al.- Part IV: Leaf Senescence and Chloroplast Dismantling.- 13. Defining Senescence and Death in Photosynthetic Tissues; Larry D. Nooden.- 14. Ultrastructural Analyses of Senescence Associated Dismantling of Chloroplasts Revisited; Maria Mulisch, Karin Krupinska.- 15. Plastoglobuli, Thylakoids, Chloroplast Structure and Development of Plastids; Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler.- 16. The Pathway of Chlorophyll Degradation: Catabolites, Enzymes and Pathway Regulation; Stefan Hörtensteiner.- 17. Regulation of Leaf Senescence: Role of Reactive Oxygen Species; Renu Khanna-Chopra et al.- 18. Chloroplast Protein Degradation: Involvement of Senescence Associated Vacuoles; M. Lorenza Costa et al.- 19. Autophagy ofChloroplasts During Leaf Senescence; Shinya Wada, Hiroyuki Ishida.- 20. Plastid Protein Degradation During Leaf Development and Senescence: Role of Proteases and Chaperones; Yusuke Kato, Wataru Sakamoto.- Part V. Organellar Control of Development.- 21. Cross-Talk of Mitochondria and Chloroplasts; Michela Zottini.- 22. Plastidial Signaling During the Plant Life Cycle; Thomas Pfannschmidt, Sergi Munné-Bosch.- 23. Chloroplast Control of Leaf Senescence; Bartalome Sabater, Mercedes Martín.- 24. The Role of Trehalose Metabolism in Photosynthetic Development and Leaf Senescence; Astrid Wingler, Matthew Paul.- Part VI. Environmental Signals and Chloroplast Development.- 25. Photoregulation of Chloroplast Development: Retrograde Signaling; Naini Burman, Jitendra P. Khurana.- 26. Regreening of Yellow Leaves; Hrvoje Fulgosi et al.- 27. Modulation of Chlorophyll Biosynthesis by Environmental Cues; Baishnab C.Tripathy, Vijay Dalal.- 28. Response of Developing, Mature and Senescing Chloroplasts to Environmental Stress; Padmanava Joshi et al.- Index.