This book examines the political parties which emerged in the former Ottoman, Qing, Russian, and Habsburg empires and not only took over government power, but merged with government itself.

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Introduction Ivan Sablin and Egas Moniz Bandeira 1. The birth of Anfu China, East Asia's first party-state: Towards a constitutional dictatorship of the gentry, 19161918 Ernest Ming-tak Leung 2. The Communist International: A party of parties confronting interwar internationalisms, 19201925 Vsevolod Kritskiy 3. The Left Opposition and the practices of parliamentarianism within the Bolshevik Party, 19231924 Alexander V. Reznik 4. Importing and exporting ideas of nationalism and state-building: The experience of Turkey's Republican People's Party, 19231950 Paul Kubicek 5. Competing with the marketplace: The Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT)'s Department of Propaganda and its political publishing program, 19241937 Christopher A. Reed 6. Aspirations for a mass political party in prewar imperial Japan: Bureaucracy, the reformist right, and the creation of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association Bruce Grover and Egas Moniz Bandeira 7. Constitution-making in the informal Soviet empire in Eastern Europe, East Asia, and Inner Asia, 19451955 Ivan Sablin 8. Work teams, leading small groups, and the making of modern Chinese bureaucracy, 19291966 Long Yang 9. From revolutionary comrades to "mothers of the nation": The Workers' Party of Korea's approach to the role of women in the 1950s1960s Natalia Matveeva 10. The dawn before one-party dominance: South Korea's road to party politics under the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction, 19611963 Kyonghee Lee 11. The Yugoslav federation and the concept of one ruling party in its final hour Jure Gapari 12. The vanguard's changing tempo: Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and government institutions, 19211990 Adéla Gjuriová