Portrait of Young Gödel

In the summer of 1928, Kurt Gödel (19061978) embarked on his logical journey that would bring him world fame in a mere three years. By early 1929, he had solved an outstanding problem in logic, namely the question of the completeness of the axioms and rules of quantificational logic. He then went on to extend the result to the axiom system of arithmetic but found, instead of completeness, his famous incompleteness theorem that got published in 1931. It belongs to the most iconic achievements of 20th century science and has been instrumental in the development of theories of formal languages and algorithmic computability two essential components in the birth of the information society.
This book explores Gödel's way from an exceptional high-school student to a firmly established young logician. Essays in Gödel's hand from the high school show that his central philosophical and scientific convictions were formed early on, before his university studies. Particular emphasis is laid on the course that made Gödel one of the foremost logicians of all times. The scientific biography of young Gödel is followed by English translations from Gödel's German Gabelsberger shorthand of all his early preserved notebooks on logic and related topics.

Deals with Gödel's development from high school to his studies with Carnap in Vienna Based upon primary sources from the archives at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton Covers Gödel's dissertation on the proof of completeness of predicate logic and his revolutionary incompleteness proof

Autorentext
Jan von Plato is professor of philosophy at the University of Helsinki. He has written several books on proof theory and the development of logic, including Elements of Logical Reasoning and The Great Formal Machinery Works. His series of books on Gödel began in 2020 with Can Mathematics Be Proved Consistent? Portrait of Young Gödel is the fifth book in this series.

Inhalt

PART I: AT HIGH SCHOOL AND UNIVERSITY.- 1. At high school.- 1.1. High school extraordinary.- 1.2. The activity of the human mind.- 1.3. Molecular theory.- 1.4. G¨odel's esoteric side.- At university: from physics to mathematics.- 2.1. The physics student.- 2.2. Mathematics and philosophy.- PART II: FIRST STEPS IN LOGIC.- 1. First encounters with foundational problems.- 2. The Weber-Heft.- 3. The U¨ bungsheft Logik.- 3.1. Exercise in constitutional analysis.- 3.2. Formal derivations in second-order arithmetic and set theory.- 3.3. Beautiful syntax trees and other diversions.- 3.4. Summary overview of the U¨ bungsheft.- 4. Punktmengenlehre.- 4.1. Hilbert's geometry.- 4.2. Hausdorff's point set topology.- PART III: THE PROBLEM OF COMPLETENESS.- 1. From Carnap's exercises to the problem of completeness.- 2. Dissertation draft.- 2.1. Generality.- 2.2. First-order logic.- 2.3. The proof of completeness.- 3. Completeness of the axioms of the narrower function calculus.- 4. Lectures and seminars on completeness..- 5. Anticipations of incompleteness.- PART IV: THE SHORTHAND NOTEBOOKS.- 1. The Weber-Heft.- 2. U¨ bungsheft Logik: formal derivations.- 3. Punktmengenlehre: Hilbert's geometry.- 4. Punktmengenlehre and U¨ bungsheft: set theory and topology.- 6. Completeness of the axioms of the narrower function calculus.- PART V: LECTURES AND SEMINARS ON COMPLETENESS.- 1. On the completeness of the axioms of the logical function calculus.- 2. Lecture in K¨onigsberg.- 3. Lecture in Vienna (plan of contents).- 4. Report on G¨odel's work.- 5. Completeness of the function calculus.