History of Terrestrial Mammals in South America

This book takes a non-technical approach in covering the evolution of South American mammalian fauna throughout geological history, and discusses how South America has changed due to mammalian invasions. Unlike other works on the subject, this book attempts to answer several crucial questions that often go unmentioned together in one cohesive monograph. What was the fauna like before the American interchange? What were the origins of the now-extinct groups when northern species arrived and out-competed them? How did the modern mammalian fauna come into being with such disparate animal groups? This information is given from a historical perspective throughout the book's 15 chapters, and is presented in an easily graspable fashion by mostly avoiding technical language. The book is written for academics, scientists and scholars engaged in paleontology, zoology and evolutionary biology, but may also appealto a larger audience of general readers interested in mammalian evolution.

The book begins with an introduction, describing the tools necessary to interpret the evolutionary history of South American mammals in geological terms and some of the early people who helped found South American mammalian paleontology. Chapter 2 describes the Mesozoic first mammals of Gondwana and what we are learning about them, dominant before the K/T extinction event. Then chapters 3 through 8 cover the Cenozoic, or "Age of Mammals", highlighting the major mammalian groups of South America that replaced the earlier mammals of Gondwana. These groups include the marsupials, native ungulates, the xenarthrans (armadillos, anteaters, sloths), the caviomorphs (rodents), and the platyrrhine monkeys. Chapters 9 and 10 address the Antarctic La Meseta fossils and the Colombian La Venta fossil faunal assemblages. Chapter 11 discusses the neotropical mammals that invaded the Caribbean Islands, and illustrates the influence South America has had on adjacent faunas. Chapter 12 describes the origin of the Amazon River and the role it has played in the evolution of the mammals and other flora and fauna. Chapter 13 tells the story of the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI), and chapter 14 follows this up with a discussion of the Pleistocene mammal communities and their eventual extinction. Chapter 15 concludes the text by discussing the modern mammals of South America, and how despite the extensive Pleistocene extinctions there is still a lot of mammalian diversity in South America.

Autorentext
Dr. Thomas Defler was born in the United States (Denver, Colorado) on November 26, 1941 and did university studies in Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (1 year), University of Miami, Florida (1 year), University of Colorado (7 years) and University of Colorado at Denver (2 years). He holds a B.A. (biology), M.A (botany). and Ph.D. (zoology). Working as a laboratory assistant in a Denver primate laboratory, he became interested in primates and determined to relocate to a tropical primate habitat country. He moved to Colombia in January, 1976 as a Peace Corps Volunteer and worked for five years as a PC primatologist with the Colombian government agency INDERENA (natural resources) doing primate research for Colombia in a remote national park called El Tuparro National Park that abuts the Orinoco River. In 1981 Dr. Defler moved south to the Colombian Amazon in Vaupés where he established a tropical research station in undisturbed and virgin rainforest in a very isolated and wild part of the Colombia near the Brazilian border. He directed this station for 17 years, studying primates and other mammals and receiving Colombian students.

In 1997 Dr. Defler became a professor at the Colombian National University in Leticia. He was obligated to leave research station in 1998 by the Colombian guerilla group the FARC. He lived sporadically for about seven and one half years in Leticia, Colombia as a National University professor and established another research station in another remote part of Amazonian rainforest in southern Colombia near the Amacayacu National Park (15 km from the Brazilian border). In 2006 he was transferred by request to the main campus in Bogotá where he taught until retiring in December, 2016.

Of the several courses that Dr. Defler has taught (including evolution), the course History of South American Land Mammals (History de los Mamíferos Terrrestres de Sudamérica) set him on a new path of studying the evolution of South American mammals, though he continues also to work as a primatologist and to write and to publish as a scientist.

Inhalt
Chapter1: Introduction.- Chapter2: Ancient mammals of Gondwanan South America.- Chapter3: Early Cenozoic mammals in South America.- Chapter4: Marsupials and other metatheres of South America.- Chapter5: The native ungulates of South America.- Chapter6: The xenarthrans-armadillos, glyptodonts, anteaters, sloths.- Chapter7: The Caviomorphs First South American Rodents.- Chapter8: The Platyrrhine Monkeys.- Chapter9: An Antarctic Eocene Mammalian Community.- Chapter10: La Venta: A Miocene Colombian Mammalian Community.- Chapter11: The Genesis of the Modern Amazon River Basin and its Role in Mammalian Evolution.- Chapter12: Mammalian Invasion of the Caribbean Islands.- Chapter13: The Great American Biotic Interchange.- Chapter14: Pleistocene Mammal Communities and their Extinction.- Chapter15: The Modern Mammals of South America