The study of how the environment, local geography, and physical locations influence crime has a long history that stretches across many research traditions. These include the neighborhood effects approach developed in the 1920s, the criminology of place, and a newer approach that attends to the perception of crime in communities. Aided by new technologies and improved data-reporting in recent decades, research in environmental criminology has developed rapidly within each of these approaches. Yet research in the subfield remains fragmented and competing theories are rarely examined together. The Oxford Handbook of Environmental Criminology takes a unique approach and synthesizes the contributions of existing methods to better integrate the subfield as a whole. Gerben J.N. Bruinsma and Shane D. Johnson have assembled a cast of top scholars to provide an in-depth source for understanding how and why physical setting can influence the emergence of crime, affect the environment, and impact individual or group behavior. The contributors address how changes in the environment, global connectivity, and technology provide more criminal opportunities and new ways of committing old crimes. They also explore how crimes committed in countries with distinct cultural practices like China and West Africa might lead to different spatial patterns of crime. This is a state-of-the-art compendium on environmental criminology that reflects the diverse research and theory developed across the western world.
Autorentext
Gerben J. N. Bruinsma is the former Director and current Senior Researcher of the Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (NSCR) in Amsterdam, and Professor Emeritus of Environmental Criminology at the Department of Criminal Law and Criminology of the Faculty of Law of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. His current interests are environmental, theoretical, and historical criminology. Shane D. Johnson is Professor and Director of the Dawes Centre for Future Crime at University College London. His current research interests include understanding the changing nature of crime, and the application of multidisciplinary approaches to urban crime problems.
Inhalt
Foreword Michael Tonry 1 Environmental Criminology: History, Scope and State of the Art Gerben J.N. Bruinsma and Shane D. Johnson SECTION I - Reflections on Theoretical Issues 2 Social Spatial Influences Pamela Wilcox and Kristin Swartz 3 How Do We Get to Causal Clarity on Physical Environment-Crime Dynamics? Ralph B. Taylor 4 The Individual Perspective Lucia Summers and Rob T. Guerette 5 Do We Really Need Collective Social Process to Understand Why Crime Occurs and Offenders Commit Crime? Elizabeth R. Groff 6 The Importance of High Offender Neighborhoods within Environmental Criminology Anthony Bottoms 7 Four Images of the Delinquent Area Marcus Felson 8 Evaluating Theories of Environmental Criminology: Strengths and Weaknesses Francis T. Cullen and Teresa C. Kulig SECTION II - Methods of Research in Environmental Criminology 9 Deciding on the 'Appropriate' Unit of Analysis: Practical Considerations in Environmental Criminology Brian Lawton 10 GIS and Spatial Analysis Martin Andresen 11 The Role of Innovative Data Collection Methods in Advancing Criminological Understanding Reka Solymosi and Kate Bowers 12 New Steps in Visualization for Research in Environmental Criminology Patricia L. Brantingham, Paul J. Brantingham, Justin Song, and Valerie Spicer 13 Victimization Surveys in Environmental Criminology Andromachi Tseloni, Nick Tilley, and Graham Farrell 14 Systematic Observation Ian Brunton-Smith 15 Computer Simulations. Agent-Based Environmental Criminology Daniel Birks SECTION III -Everyday Urban Crime: Empirical Examples and Reviews of Research Neighborhoods and Communities 16 Research on Neighborhoods in European Cities Lieven Pauwels, Gerben Bruinsma, Frank Weerman, and Wim Hardyns 17 Testing Theories of Social Disorganization in Nigeria Faisal Umar, Ahmadu Bello, Shane D. Johnson, and James A. Cheshire 18 Gated Communities and Crime in the United States Nicholas Branic and Charis E. Kubrin 19 Egohoods: Capturing Change in Spatial Crime Patterns John R. Hipp and Christopher J. Bates 20 Signal Crimes: How the Harms of Crime and Disorder Travel across Social Space-Time Martin Innes and Helen Innes Built Environment 21 Built Environment, Land Use and Crime Kathryn Wuschke and J. Bryan Kinney 22 Macro Level Generators and Crime (Parks, Stadiums, and Transit Stations) Andrew Newton 23 Does Crime Impact Real Estate Prices? An Assessment of Accessibility and Location Vania Ceccato and Mats Wilhelmsson 24 Street Networks and Crime Toby Davies and Kate Bowers Places 25 The Criminology of Places Cody W. Telep and David Weisburd 26 Studying Situational Effects of Setting Characteristics: Examples from the Study of Peers, Activities and Neighbourhoods Frank Weerman, Evelien Hoeben, Wim Bernasco, Lieven Pauwels, and Gerben J.N. Bruinsma 27 Place Management John Eck and Tamara D. Madensen 28 Crime Concentrations: Hot Dots, Hot Spots and Hot Flushes Dainis Ignatans and Ken Pease Routine Activity Convergence 29 Time and Opportunity Lisa Tompson and Timothy Coupe 30 Guardianship Danielle Reynald 31 Mobility and Location Choice of Offenders Wim Bernasco Crime Prevention 32 What have we Learned from Environmental Criminology for the Prevention of Crime? Brandon Welsh and Sema A. Taheri SECTION IV - Special Crimes and Circumstances 33 Riots, Space and Place Peter Baudains and Shane D. Johnson 34 Geoprofiling Terrorism Kim Rossmo 35 Child Sexual Abuse and Opportunity Richard Wortley 36 (Juvenile) Gangs and Space Matthew Valasik and George Tita 37 Organized Crime and Places Edward Kleemans 38 Cybercrime and Place: Applying Environmental Criminology to Crimes in Cyberspace Fernando Miró Llinares and Shane D. Johnson 39 Maritime Piracy Michael Townsley