Structure of Atomic Nuclei / Bau der Atomkerne

243 number n and orbital angular momentum 1, but also a total angular momentum 1 f = 1 ± !. This modification lead to striking successes for the model. Almost without exception, the ground state spins of odd nuclei were found to be cor­ rectly predicted. Furthermore several other features of nuclei such as the occur­ rence of isomeric states and the values of magnetic dipole moments were explained, at least qualitatively. However the model completely failed to explain the large values of observed electric quadrupole moments and certain regularities in nuclear spectra, especially of rare earth nuclei. 4. 1950-1953. The emphatic success of the shell-model modified by a spin­ orbit force gave the necessary confidence and incentive to physicists to apply the model in detail to individual nuclei. Guided by parallel calculations in atomic spectroscopy, considerable effort was devoted to computing spectra of levels of nuclear systems with the so-called "Intermediate Coupling Model" in which the independent particle motion is considered to be perturbed by central particle­ particle interactions and spin-orbit forces. Computational labour restricts such calculations to nuclei near closed shells, say within four particles or holes of closed shells. This explains why only light nuclei (A < 20) and isolated groups of nuclei higher in the Periodic Table were thus treated. Usually such calculations were rewarded by agreement with experiment especially those for light nuclei 2 and 20S nuclei near the double closed shell at Pb 3.

Inhalt

The Two-Nucleon Problem.- I. Introduction.- II. Summary of experimental data.- III. Meson theory and two-nucleon interaction.- a) Meson field theory.- b) Deduction of static two-nucleon interaction.- c) Static interaction.- IV. Low energy phenomena interpreted through central forces.- a) Deuteron problem.- b) Neutron-proton scattering.- c) Proton-proton scattering.- V. Low energy phenomena with tensor forces.- a) Deuteron problem.- b) Scattering problem with tensor forces.- VI. Radiative processes.- a) Interaction with electromagnetic field.- b) Radiative neutron-proton capture.- c) Photodisintegration of deuteron.- d) Exchange current effect.- VII. High energy phenomena.- a) High energy nucleon-nucleon scattering.- b) High energy photodisintegration.- VIII. Mathematical appendix.- General references.- The Three-body Problem in Nuclear Physics.- I. Spin eigenstates and equations of motion.- IL The bound states of H3 and He3.- III. The continuum states of three nucleons.- IV. Effects of the electromagnetic interaction.- Matter and Charge Distribution within Atomic Nuclei.- A. Electric measures of nuclear size and radial shape.- I. Electron scattering.- a) Low energy scattering.- b) High energy scattering.- II. Bound electrons.- a) X-ray fine structure.- b) Optical fine structure.- III. ?-mesons.- IV. Coulomb energy.- B. Nuclear force measures of nuclear size and radial shape.- I. Neutron scattering.- II. Proton scattering.- III. Alpha particle scattering.- IV. Charged particle reaction cross sections.- V. Alpha decay.- VI. Deuteron pick-up and stripping.- VII. Pion scattering and bound pions.- C. Electric measures of nuclear angular shape.- I. Quadrupole moments.- II. Electric quadrupole transition rates.- III. Isotope shifts.- IV.?-mesonic x-rays.- V. Electron scattering.- D. Nonelectric measures of nuclear angular shape.- E. Theories of nuclear density.- I. Radial shape.- II. Angular shape.- F. Summary.- General references.- The Nuclear Shell-Model.- I. Introduction.- II. The single particle model.- III. Applications of the single particle model to medium and heavy nuclei..- IV. Refinements of the single particle model.- V. The individual particle model.- VI. Application of the individual particle model to light nuclei.- VII. Configuration mixing and other methods for improving the individual particle model.- VIII. The theoretical basis of the shell-model.- Acknowledgement.- Models of Nuclear Structure.- and brief survey of the nuclear models.- A. The liquid drop model.- B. The Fermi gas model.- I. Nuclear saturation and the nuclear potential.- II. Further applications.- III. Refinements of the model.- C. The optical model.- I. Multiple scattering and the complex potential.- II. Relation between the nuclear density and the nuclear potential.- D. The alpha particle model.- E. The shell model.- I. The single particle shell model.- II. The many particle shell model.- F. The unified model.- I. Nuclear rotational states.- II. Intrinsic structure of deformed nuclei.- III. Collective vibrational excitations.- IV. Relation between intrinsic and collective motions.- Appendix I. Properties of the D functions.- Appendix II. Mathematical relations applicable to nuclear retational states.- Appendix III. The unified model applied to a simple problem.- General references.- Sachverzeichnis (Deutsch-Englisch).- Subject Index (English-German).