The History of Julius Caesar was written by Napoleon III, the nephew of Napoleon Buonaparte at the time of his reign. The book starts from the description of the Roman history before Caesar, the establishment of the republic, and Punic wars and gradually flows into the main points of Caesar's life up to his death. Besides historical context, a book was a political pamphlet to support the author's political line. In the book, Napoleon III compares himself and his uncle with Julius Caesar, proving that the political and strategic talent of the great emperor of Rome found continuation in the style of the ruling of the Buonaparte family.

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Napoleon III was the last ruling monarch and the first President of France. He was a nephew of Napoleon Buonaparte and seized power by force in 1851, as he wasn't reelected as to the presidency of the Second Republic for the second time. The time of the Second Empire under Napoleon's rule was a time of great reconstructive and reforms. Napoleon III modernized the monetary system and banking, established strong trading ties with other European countries, promoted education and railway connections. In his time, France received the second-largest merchant navy in the world due to the development of the overseas colonies. In his life, Napoleon also created several literary works, one of which is the history of the life of Julius Caesar.