On Solar Hydrogen and Nanotechnology

More energy from the sun strikes Earth in an hour than is consumed
by humans in an entire year. Efficiently harnessing solar power for
sustainable generation of hydrogen requires low-cost,
purpose-built, functional materials combined with inexpensive
large-scale manufacturing methods. These issues are comprehensively
addressed in On Solar Hydrogen & Nanotechnology -
an authoritative, interdisciplinary source of fundamental and
applied knowledge in all areas related to solar hydrogen. Written
by leading experts, the book emphasizes state-of-the-art materials
and characterization techniques as well as the impact of
nanotechnology on this cutting edge field.

• Addresses the current status and prospects of solar hydrogen,
  including major achievements, performance benchmarks, technological
  limitations, and crucial remaining challenges

• Covers the latest advances in fundamental understanding and
  development in photocatalytic reactions, semiconductor
  nanostructures and heterostructures, quantum confinement effects,
  device fabrication, modeling, simulation, and characterization
  techniques as they pertain to solar generation of hydrogen

• Assesses and establishes the present and future role of solar
  hydrogen in the hydrogen economy

• Contains numerous graphics to illustrate concepts, techniques,
  and research results

On Solar Hydrogen & Nanotechnology is an essential
reference for materials scientists, physical and inorganic
chemists, electrochemists, physicists, and engineers carrying out
research on solar energy, photocatalysis, or semiconducting
nanomaterials, both in academia and industry. It is also an
invaluable resource for graduate students and postdoctoral
researchers as well as business professionals and consultants with
an interest in renewable energy.

Autorentext

Lionel Vayssieres is a senior researcher at theInternationalCenter for Young Scientists, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) inTsukuba,Japan; a R&D consultant; and a guest scientist at the Chemical Sciences Division and Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,USA. He obtained his M.Sc. in Physical Chemistry (1991) and Ph.D. in Inorganic Chemistry (1995) from the Université Pierre et Marie Curie inParis. He then carried out postdoctoral research at Uppsala University, Sweden and also spent time as a visiting researcher at the University of Texas at Austin, the UNESCO Centre for Macromolecules & Materials, Stellenbosch University, the Glenn T. Seaborg Center at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Texas Materials Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), the University of Queensland, Nanyang Technological University, and the iThemba LABS in South Africa.
Vayssieres has (co-)authored around 50 refereed publications, which have generated over 1600 citations (since 2000). He has presented over 160 lectures in over 25 countries and has acted as chairman, executive program committee member, and advisory member at major international conferences and projects worldwide. Vayssieres is the founder and editor-in-chief of the International Journal of Nanotechnology and founder, organizer and chairman of the first international symposium dedicated to Solar Hydrogen & Nanotechnology (San Diego, CA 2006), which was sponsored by the International Society for Optical Engineering. He has been working on nanomaterials for solar energy conversion since 1996 and published the first nanorod-based solar cells paper in 2000.

Zusammenfassung
More energy from the sun strikes Earth in an hour than is consumed by humans in an entire year. Efficiently harnessing solar power for sustainable generation of hydrogen requires low-cost, purpose-built, functional materials combined with inexpensive large-scale manufacturing methods. These issues are comprehensively addressed in On Solar Hydrogen & Nanotechnology an authoritative, interdisciplinary source of fundamental and applied knowledge in all areas related to solar hydrogen. Written by leading experts, the book emphasizes state-of-the-art materials and characterization techniques as well as the impact of nanotechnology on this cutting edge field.

• Addresses the current status and prospects of solar hydrogen, including major achievements, performance benchmarks, technological limitations, and crucial remaining challenges
• Covers the latest advances in fundamental understanding and development in photocatalytic reactions, semiconductor nanostructures and heterostructures, quantum confinement effects, device fabrication, modeling, simulation, and characterization techniques as they pertain to solar generation of hydrogen
• Assesses and establishes the present and future role of solar hydrogen in the hydrogen economy
• Contains numerous graphics to illustrate concepts, techniques, and research results
  On Solar Hydrogen & Nanotechnology is an essential reference for materials scientists, physical and inorganic chemists, electrochemists, physicists, and engineers carrying out research on solar energy, photocatalysis, or semiconducting nanomaterials, both in academia and industry. It is also an invaluable resource for graduate students and postdoctoral researchers as well as business professionals and consultants with an interest in renewable energy.

Inhalt
List of Contributors.

Preface.

Editor Biography.

PART ONE-FUNDAMENTALS, MODELING, AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF PHOTOCATALYTIC REACTIONS FOR DIRECT SOLAR HYDROGEN GENERATION.

1 Solar Hydrogen Production by Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting: The Promise and Challenge (Eric L. Miller).

1.1 Introduction.

1.2 Hydrogen or Hype?

1.3 Solar Pathways to Hydrogen.

1.4 Photoelectrochemical Water-Splitting.

1.5 The Semiconductor/Electrolyte Interface.

1.6 Photoelectrode Implementations.

1.7 The PEC Challenge.

1.8 Facing the Challenge: Current PEC Materials Research.

Acknowledgments.

References.

2 Modeling and Simulation of Photocatalytic Reactions at TiO2 Surfaces (Hideyuki Kamisaka and Koichi Yamashita).

2.1 Importance of Theoretical Studies on TiO2 Systems.

2.2 Doped TiO2 Systems: Carbon and Niobium Doping.

2.3 Surface Hydroxyl Groups and the Photoinduced Hydrophilicity of TiO2.

Conversion.

2.4 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.

2.5 Future Directions: Ab Initio Simulations and the Local Excited States on TiO2.

Acknowledgments.

References.

3 Photocatalytic Reactions on Model Single Crystal TiO2 Surfaces (G.I.N. Waterhouse and H. Idriss).

3.1 TiO2 Single-Crystal Surfaces.

3.2 Photoreactions Over Semiconductor Surfaces.

3.3 Ethanol Reactions Over TiO2(110) Surface.

3.4 Photocatalysis and Structure Sensitivity.

3.5 Hydrogen Production from Ethanol Over Au/TiO2 Catalysts.

3.6 Conclusions.

References.

4 Fundamental Reactions on Rutile TiO2(110) Model Photocatalysts Studied by High-Resolution Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (Stefan Wendt, Ronnie T. Vang, and Flemming Besenbacher).

4.1 Introduction.

4.2 Geometric Structure and Defects of the Rutile TiO2 (110) Surface.

4.3 Reactions of Water with Oxygen Vacancies.

4.4 Splitting of Paired H Adatoms and Other Reactions Observed on Partly Water Covered TiO2(110).

4.5 O2 Dissociation and the Role of Ti Interstitials.

4.6 Intermediate Steps of the Reaction Between O2 and H Adatoms and the Role of Coadsorbed Water.

4.7 Bonding of Gold Nanoparticles on TiO2(110) in Different Oxidation States.

4.8 Summary and Outlook.

References.

PART TWO-ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, ENERGETICS, AND TRANSPORT DYNAMICS OF PHOTOCATALYST NANOSTRUCTURES.

5 Electronic Structure Study of Nanostructured Transition Metal Oxides Using Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy (Jinghua Guo, Per-Anders Glans, Yi-Sheng Liu, and Chinglin Chang).

5.1 Introduction.

5.2 Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy.

5…