Green Metal Nanoparticles

This groundbreaking book uniquely focuses on the exploration of the green synthesis of metal nanoparticles and their characterization and applications.

Metal nanoparticles are the basic elements of nanotechnology as they are the primary source used in the design of nanostructured devices and materials. Nanomaterials can be manufactured either incidentally, with physical or chemical methods, or naturally; and the high demand for them has led to their large-scale production by various toxic solvents or high energy techniques. However, due to the growing awareness of environmental and safety issues, the use of clean, nontoxic and environment-friendly ways to synthesize metal nanoparticles has emerged out of necessity. The use of biological resources, such as microbes, plant parts, vegetable wastes, agricultural wastes, gums, etc., has grown to become an alternative way of synthesizing metal nanoparticles. This biogenic synthesis is green, environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and nontoxic.

The current multi-authored book includes recent information and builds a database of bioreducing agents for various metal nanoparticles using different precursor systems. Green Metal Nanoparticles also highlights different simple, cost-effective, environment-friendly and easily scalable strategies, and includes parameters for controlling the size and shape of the materials developed from the various greener methods.

Autorentext

Suvardhan Kanchi is currently at the Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, South Africa. He has co-authored about 35 papers and 11 book chapters in international peer-reviewed journals and edited Nanomaterials: Biomedical, Environmental, and Engineering Applications (Wiley-Scrivener 2018). Shakeel Ahmed is working as an Assistant Professor at Department of Chemistry, Government Degree College Mendhar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. He obtained his PhD in the area of biopolymers and bionanocomposites and has published several research publications in area of green nanomaterials and biopolymers for various applications including biomedical, packaging, sensors, and water treatment. He co-edited Chitosan: Derivatives, Composites and Applications (Wiley-Scrivener 2017).

Inhalt
Preface xxi

Part I Future Vision of Green Nanotechnology 1

**1 Recent Advances in Green Nanotechnology and the Vision for the Future 3
**Sukanchan Palit and Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain

1.1 Introduction 4

1.2 The Objective of this Study 4

1.3 The Rationale for this Study 5

1.4 What is Meant by Green Nanotechnology? 5

1.5 The Scientific Doctrine and Truth Behind Nanotechnology Applications 6

1.6 Recent Research Pursuit in the Field of Nanotechnology 7

1.7 Scientific Endeavors in the Field of Green Nanotechnology 8

1.8 Challenges and Opportunities in the Field of Green Nanotechnology 13

1.9 Environmental Sustainability, Humankind's Progress and Vision of Science 14

1.10 Scientific Cognizance, the Greatness of Research Pursuit and Green Nanotechnology 14

1.11 Global Water Crisis The Vision and Challenge of Science 15

1.12 Heavy Metal and Arsenic Groundwater Contamination The Vision for the Future 15

1.13 Groundwater Remediation and Water Purification Technologies 16

1.14 Application of Nanotechnology in Industrial Wastewater Treatment 17

1.15 The Vision of Renewable Energy Technologies 18

1.16 Future Research Trends and Flow of Thoughts 19

1.17 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 20

References 20

**2 Green Synthesis of Metal-Based Nanoparticles and Their Applications 23
**Shamaila Sajjad, Sajjad Ahmed Khan Leghari, Najam-Ul-Athar Ryma and Sidra Anis Farooqi

2.1 Introduction 24

2.2 Botanical Extract Mediated Green Synthesis 27

2.3 Microbial Extract-Mediated Green Synthesis 47

2.4 Conclusions 53

Acknowledgment 54

References 54

**3 Plant and Tree Gums as Renewable Feedstocks for the Phytosynthesis of Nanoparticles: A Green Chemistry Approach 79
**Aruna Jyothi Kora

3.1 Introduction 80

3.2 Different Varieties of Plant Gums 90

3.3 Phytosynthesized Nanoparticles and Their Applications 96

3.4 Conclusions and Future Prospects 101

Acknowledgment 102

References 102

**4 Green Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles and its Reaction Mechanisms 113
**Rajasekhar Chokkareddy and Gan G. Redhi

4.1 Introduction 114

4.2 Green Synthesis Using Plant Extracts 117

4.3 Synthesis and Mechanism Action of Metal Nanoparticles 120

4.4 Conclusions 134

References 135

**5 Toxicity of Metal/Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Future Prospects 141
**Subramanyam Deepika, Rajendran Harish Kumar, Chinnadurai Immanuel Selvaraj and Selvaraj Mohana Roopan

5.1 Introduction 142

5.2 Applications of Metal/Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Toxicity 149

5.3 Future Perspectives 158

5.4 Conclusion 159

Conflict of Interest 160

Acknowledgment 160

Abbreviations 160

References 161

Part II Biosynthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles 165

**6 Current Advances in Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Applications 167
**Rajasekhar Chokkareddy, Niranjan Thondavada, Bakusele Kabane and Gan G. Redhi

6.1 Introduction 168

6.2 Synthesis of Nanoparticles 169

6.3 Biomedical Applications of Silver Nanoparticles 180

6.4 Conclusions 190

References 191

**7 Green and Sustainable Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Using Orange Peel Pith 199
**G. López-Téllez, A. R. Vílchis Néstor, E. Gutiérrez-Segura, J. E. Moreno-Marcelino, A. Alcántara-Cobos, J. M. Malvaez-Medina and A. Castrejón Mejía

7.1 Introduction 200

7.2 Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles by Plants 201

7.3 Bioreduction Mechanism 201

7.4 Suitable Characteristics of Nanoparticles for Remediation 202

7.5 Orange Peel Pith as a Support, Reducing and Capping Agent of Metallic Nanoparticles 203 7.6 Conc...