Human Microbiota

The Human Microbiota offers a comprehensive review of all human-associated microbial niches in a single volume, focusing on what modern tools in molecular microbiology are revealing about human microbiota, and how specific microbial communities can be associated with either beneficial effects or diseases. An excellent resource for microbiologists, physicians, infectious disease specialists, and others in the field, the book describes the latest research findings and evaluates the most innovative research approaches and technologies. Perspectives from pioneers in human microbial ecology are provided throughout.

Autorentext
David Fredricks is an expert in infectious diseases and the human indigenous microbiota, with a research focus on the bacterial biota of the human vagina and how changes in the composition of vaginal microbes lead to the syndrome bacterial vaginosis. He has authored more than 32 peer reviewed journal articles, 7 book chapters, and 9 editorials or invited reviews. He has been a peer reviewer for more than a dozen major medical and infectious diseases journals, and has served on several NIH study sections.

Klappentext

Unraveling the mysteries of the human microbiome

Addressing the latest findings on the microbes that colonize epithelial surfaces in the human body, The Human Microbiota presents a comprehensive review of the microbial diversity found in humans and the role it plays in human health.

After an introduction to the pivotal research efforts at the Human Microbiome Project, the book presents cutting-edge methods for studying the human microbiome and links particular microbial communities to various conditions and diseases. It explains in detail how to use animal models, cultivate microbes, and manipulate existing microbiota. Advice on the design of microbiome studies as well as the strengths and weaknesses of different methods is also included. A group of pioneers in microbial ecology contribute authoritative, state-of-the-art chapters on:

• Characterization and analysis techniques as well as mathematical approaches for describing microbial communities
• The different microbial populations found in the gut, the respiratory tract, the mouth, and the genital tract
• Lessons learned from animal models about microbial communities and immune response to the microbiota
• Novel approaches to cultivating human microbes in the laboratory, including their challenges and benefits
• The use of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics to enhance human health
  The Human Microbiota is an invaluable resource for microbiologists, microbial ecologists, physicians, infectious disease specialists, and anyone wishing to learn about the latest tools in molecular biology and what they reveal about this exciting, rapidly evolving field.

Zusammenfassung
The Human Microbiota offers a comprehensive review of all human-associated microbial niches in a single volume, focusing on what modern tools in molecular microbiology are revealing about human microbiota, and how specific microbial communities can be associated with either beneficial effects or diseases. An excellent resource for microbiologists, physicians, infectious disease specialists, and others in the field, the book describes the latest research findings and evaluates the most innovative research approaches and technologies. Perspectives from pioneers in human microbial ecology are provided throughout.

Inhalt

PREFACE vii

CONTRIBUTORS xi

1 THE NIH HUMAN MICROBIOME PROJECT 1

Lita M. Proctor, Shaila Chhibba, Jean McEwen, Jane Peterson,
Chris Wellington, Carl Baker, Maria Giovanni, Pamela McInnes, and
R. Dwayne Lunsford

2 METHODS FOR CHARACTERIZING MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES ASSOCIATED
WITH THE HUMAN BODY 51

Christine Bassis, Vincent Young, and Thomas Schmidt

3 PHYLOARRAYS 75

Eoin L. Brodie and Susan V. Lynch

4 MATHEMATICAL APPROACHES FOR DESCRIBING MICROBIAL POPULATIONS:
PRACTICE AND THEORY FOR EXTRAPOLATION OF RICH ENVIRONMENTS 85

Manuel E. Lladser and Rob Knight

5 TENSION AT THE BORDER: HOW HOST GENETICS AND THE ENTERIC
MICROBIOTA CONSPIRE TO PROMOTE CROHN'S DISEASE 105

Daniel N. Frank and Ellen Li

6 THE HUMAN AIRWAY MICROBIOME 119

Edith T. Zemanick and J. Kirk Harris

7 MICROBIOTA OF THE MOUTH: A BLESSING OR A CURSE? 135

Angela H. Nobbs, David Dymock, and Howard F. Jenkinson

8 MICROBIOTA OF THE GENITOURINARY TRACT 167

Laura K. Sycuro and David N. Fredricks

9 FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE OF INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IN HEALTH AND
DISEASE 211

Alexander Swidsinski and Vera Loening-Baucke

10 FROM FLY TO HUMAN: UNDERSTANDING HOW COMMENSAL MICROORGANISMS
INFLUENCE HOST IMMUNITY AND HEALTH 255

June L. Round

11 INSIGHTS INTO THE HUMAN MICROBIOME FROM ANIMAL MODELS
273

Bethany A. Rader and Karen Guillemin

12 TO GROW OR NOT TO GROW: ISOLATION AND CULTIVATION PROCEDURES
IN THE GENOMIC AGE 289

Karsten Zengler

13 NEW APPROACHES TO CULTIVATION OF HUMAN MICROBIOTA 303

Slava S. Epstein, Maria Sizova, and Amanda Hazen

14 MANIPULATING THE INDIGENOUS MICROBIOTA IN HUMANS: PREBIOTICS,
PROBIOTICS, AND SYNBIOTICS 315

George T. Macfarlane and Sandra Macfarlane

INDEX 339