Principles of Inorganic Chemistry

Aimed at senior undergraduates and first-year graduate students, this book offers a principles-based approach to inorganic chemistry that, unlike other texts, uses chemical applications of group theory and molecular orbital theory throughout as an underlying framework. This highly physical approach allows students to derive the greatest benefit of topics such as molecular orbital acid-base theory, band theory of solids, and inorganic photochemistry, to name a few.

• Takes a principles-based, group and molecular orbital theory approach to inorganic chemistry

• The first inorganic chemistry textbook to provide a thorough treatment of group theory, a topic usually relegated to only one or two chapters of texts, giving it only a cursory overview

• Covers atomic and molecular term symbols, symmetry coordinates in vibrational spectroscopy using the projection operator method, polyatomic MO theory, band theory, and Tanabe-Sugano diagrams

• Includes a heavy dose of group theory in the primary inorganic textbook, most of the pedagogical benefits of integration and reinforcement of this material in the treatment of other topics, such as frontier MO acid--base theory, band theory of solids, inorganic photochemistry, the Jahn-Teller effect, and Wade's rules are fully realized

• Very physical in nature compare to other textbooks in the field, taking the time to go through mathematical derivations and to compare and contrast different theories of bonding in order to allow for a more rigorous treatment of their application to molecular structure, bonding, and spectroscopy

• Informal and engaging writing style; worked examples throughout the text; unanswered problems in every chapter; contains a generous use of informative, colorful illustrations

Autorentext

Brian W. Pfennig, PhD, received his undergraduate B.S. degree in chemistry at Albright College in 1988. He earned his Ph.D. in 1992 in the field of physical inorganic chemistry at Princeton University with Dr. Andrew B. Bocarsly, studying the photochemistry of organometallic sandwich compounds and electron transfer in multinuclear mixed-valence coordination compounds. Dr. Pfennig has held a number of different teaching appointments at small liberal arts colleges, including Franklin & Marshall College, Haverford College, Vassar College, and Ursinus College. During his 20-year teaching career, he has taught general chemistry, an accelerated one-semester general chemistry course, both introductory and advanced inorganic chemistry, bio-inorganic chemistry, and inorganic and organometallic photochemistry, as well as serving as the general chemistry laboratory coordinator at Ursinus College for the past 10 years. He is also actively engaged in research with undergraduates in the areas of inorganic photochemistry, electrochemistry, and electron transfer processes occurring in multinuclear mixed-valence coordination compounds. He has also published several papers in the area of chemical education.

Inhalt

Preface xi

Acknowledgements xv

Chapter 1 The Composition of Matter 1

1.1 Early Descriptions of Matter 1

1.2 Visualizing Atoms 6

1.3 The Periodic Table 8

1.4 The Standard Model 9

Exercises 12

Bibliography 13

Chapter 2 The Structure of the Nucleus 15

2.1 The Nucleus 15

2.2 Nuclear Binding Energies 16

2.3 Nuclear Reactions: Fusion and Fission 17

2.4 Radioactive Decay and The Band of Stability 22

2.5 The Shell Model of the Nucleus 27

2.6 The Origin of the Elements 30

Exercises 38

Bibliography 39

Chapter 3 A Brief Review of Quantum Theory 41

3.1 TheWavelike Properties of Light 41

3.2 Problems with the Classical Model of the Atom 48

3.3 The Bohr Model of The Atom 55

3.4 Implications of Wave-Particle Duality 58

3.5 Postulates of Quantum Mechanics 64

3.6 The Schrödinger Equation 67

3.7 The Particle in a Box Problem 70

3.8 The Harmonic Oscillator Problem 75

Exercises 78

Bibliography 79

Chapter 4 Atomic Structure 81

4.1 The Hydrogen Atom 81

4.1.1 The Radial Wave Functions 82

4.1.2 The Angular Wave Functions 86

4.2 Polyelectronic Atoms 91

4.3 Electron Spin and the Pauli Principle 93

4.4 Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table 96

4.5 Atomic Term Symbols 98

4.5.1 Extracting Term Symbols Using RussellSaunders Coupling 100

4.5.2 Extracting Term Symbols Using jj Coupling 102

4.5.3 Correlation between RS (LS) Coupling and jj Coupling 104

4.6 Shielding and Effective Nuclear Charge 105

Exercises 107

Bibliography 108

Chapter 5 Periodic Properties of the Elements 109

5.1 The Modern Periodic Table 109

5.2 Radius 111

5.3 Ionization Energy 118

5.4 Electron Affinity 121

5.5 The Uniqueness Principle 122

5.6 Diagonal Properties 124

5.7 The MetalNonmetal Line 125

5.8 Standard Reduction Potentials 126

5.9 The Inert-Pair Effect 129

5.10 Relativistic Effects 130

5.11 Electronegativity 133

Exercises 136

Bibliography 137

Chapter 6 An Introduction to Chemical Bonding 139

6.1 The Bonding in Molecular Hydrogen 139

6.2 Lewis Structures 140

6.3 Covalent Bond Lengths and Bond Dissociation Energies 144

6.4 Resonance 146

6.5 Polar Covalent Bonding 149

Exercises 153

Bibliography 154

Chapter 7 Molecular Geometry 155

7.1 The VSEPR Model 155

7.2 The Ligand Close-Packing Model 170

7.3 A Comparison of The VSEPR and LCP Models 175

Exercises 176

Bibliography 177

Chapter 8 Molecular Symmetry 179

8.1 Symmetry Elements and Symmetry Operations 179

8.1.1 Identity, E 180

8.1.2 Proper Rotation, Cn 181

8.1.3 Reflection, 182

8.1.4 Inversion, i 183

8.1.5 Improper Rotation, Sn 183

8.2 Symmetry Groups 186

8.3 Molecular Point Groups 191

8.4 Representations 195

8.5 Character Tables 202

8.6 Direct Products 209

8.7 Reducible Representations 214

Exercises 222

Bibliography 224

Chapter 9 Vibrational Spectroscopy 227

9.1 Overview of Vibrational Spectroscopy 227

9.2 Selection Rules for IR and Raman-Active Vibrational Modes 231

9.3 Determining The Symmetries of The Normal Modes of Vibration 235 9.4 Generating Symmetry Coordinates Using The Projection Operator M...