Artificial Receptors for Chemical Sensors

The first to provide systematically organized information on all three important aspects of artificial receptor design, this book brings together knowledge on an exceptionally hot and multidisciplinary field of research. Strong emphasis is placed on the methodology for discovering artificial receptors, with both definitions for chemosensitivity as well as experimental setups supplied. There follows coverage of numerous classes of artificial receptors, including synthesis, immobilization on surfaces, and quantitative data on properties. The third part of the book focuses on receptor arrays for artificial nose and tongue applications and the whole is rounded off with an outlook and an appendix with all relevant quantitative data on artificial receptors.

Autorentext
Vladimir M. Mirsky is Professor at Lausitz University of Applied Sciences, Senftenberg, Germany. He graduated from Moscow Medical University in Biophysics and went on to study Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry at the Frumkin Institute of Electrochemistry of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, obtaining there his PhD in 1986. He subsequently held an Alexander-von-Humboldt Research Fellowship and a research position at the CNRS Centre of Molecular Biology in France prior to joining the Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Sensors and Biosensors at Regensburg University in 1995. After habilitation he became Professor of Nanobiotechnology and moved to Lausitz. He is editor of two recent books, "Ultrathin Electrochemical Chemo- and Biosensors" and "Combinatorial Methods for Chemical and Biological Sensors". His work has led to about 20 patents and patent applications as well as 120 peer-reviewed scientifi c papers.

Anatoly K. Yatsimirsky is Professor of Chemistry at the National Autonomous University of Mexico in Mexico City. He obtained his PhD and Dr. Sc. degrees from Moscow Lomonosov State University, where he was Professor prior to his move to Mexico in 1992. He spent Visiting Scholar/Professor stays at Milan University, Italy, in 1980/81 and at the University of California at Santa Barbara in 1998/99. His research is focused on physical organic chemistry and metal complex catalysis and he is the author of 160 peer-reviewed scientifi c publications including a monograph "Principles and Methods in Supramolecular Chemistry" by John Wiley & Sons and further book contributions.

Klappentext
The selective binding of a particular compound to another is a lockand-key principle omnipresent in living organisms and an indispensable
means of information transport and triggering responses. Derived from the biological archetype, synthetic receptors imitate nature`s idea
for tailor-made functionalities such as detection (sensing), signaling, and triggering. This book provides systematically organized information
on all three important aspects of artifi cial receptor design as well as the knowledge on an exceptionally hot and multidisciplinary field of
research. Strong emphasis is placed on the methodology for discovering artificial receptors, with both defi nitions for chemosensitivity as
well as experimental setups supplied. Numerous classes of artificial receptors are covered, as well as their synthesis, immobilization on
surfaces, and quantitative data on their properties. The fi nal chapter with all relevant quantitative data on artifi cial receptors complete this
well-rounded book.

Inhalt
Preface

QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF AFFINITY PROPERTIES OF IMMOBILIZED RECEPTORS
Introduction
Measurements Under Equilibrium Conditions
Kinetic Measurements
Analysis of Temperature Dependencies
Experimental Techniques

SELECTIVITY OF CHEMICAL RECEPTORS
Introduction
Some General Considerations on Selectivity
Correlation Between Selectivity and Affinity
Crown Ether and Cryptand Complexes: Hole Size Fitting and Other Effects
Recogniction of Transition and Heavy Metal Ions
Recognition via Ion Pairing
Hydrogen Bonded Complexes and Solvent Effects
Lewis Acid Receptors
Complexes with Stacking and van der Waals Interactions
Multifunctional Receptors for Recognition of Complex Target Molecules
Conclusions

COMBINATORIAL DEVELOPMENT OF SENSING MATERIALS
Introduction
General Principles of Combinatorial Materials Screening
Opportunities for Sensing Materials
Designs of Combinatorial Libraries of Sensing Materials
Discovery and Optimization of Sensing Materials Using Discrete Arrays
Optimization of Sensing Materials Using Gradient Arrays
Emerging Wireless Technologies for Combinatorial Screening of Sensing Materials
Summary and Outlook

FLUORESCENT CYCLODEXTRINS AS CHEMOSENSORS FOR MOLECULE DETECTION IN WATER
Introduction
Pyrene-Appended Cyclodextrins
Fluorophore-Amino Acid-CD Triad Systems
Molecular Recognition by Regioisomers of Dansyl-Appended CDs
Turn-On Fluorescent Chemosensors
Effect of Protein Environment on Molecule Sensing
CD-Peptide Conjugates as Chemosensors
Immobilized Fluorescent CD on a Cellulose Membrane
Conclusion

CYCLOPEPTIDE DERIVED SYNTHETIC RECEPTORS
Introduction
Receptors for Cations
Receptors for Ion Pairs
Receptors for Anions
Receptors for Neutral Substrates
Conclusion

BONORIC ACID-BASED RECEPTORS AND CHEMOSENSORS
Introduction
De Novo Design
Combinatorial Approaches
Template Directed Synthesis

ARTIFICIAL RECEPTOR COMPOUNDS FOR CHIRAL RECOGNITION
Introduction
Cyclodextrins
Crown Ethers
Calixarenes
Calix[4]resorcinarenes
Miscellaneous Receptor Compounds
Metal-Containing Receptor Compounds

FULLERENE RECEPTORS BASED ON CALIXARENE DERIVATIVES
Introduction
Calixarenes
Solid State Complexation by Calixarenes
Comlexation in Solution
Calixarenes as Molecular Scaffolds
Outlook

GUANIDINIUM BASED ANION RECEPTORS
Introduction
Instructive Historical Examples
Recent Advances in Inorganic Anion Recognition
Organic and Biological Phosphates
Polycarboxylate Binding
Amino Acid Recognition
Dipeptides as Substrate
Polypeptide Recognition
Conclusion

ARTIFICIAL RECEPTORS BASED ON SPREADER-BAR SYSTEMS

POTENTIAL OF APTAMERS AS ARTIFICIAL RECEPTORS IN CHEMICAL SENSORS
Introduction
Generation and Synthesis of Aptamers
Aptamer Arrays
Techniques for Readout of Ligand Binding to the Aptamer
Outlook/Summary

CONDUCTING POLYMERS AS ARTIFICIAL RECEPTORS IN CHEMICAL SENSORS
Introduction
Transducers for Artificial Receptors Based on Conducting Polymers
Intrinsic Sensitivity of Conducting Polymers
Conducting Polymers Modified with Receptor Groups
Conclusion

MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED POLYMERS AS ARTIFICIAL RECEPTORS
Introduction
Fundamentals of Molecular Imprinting
Polymer Formats and Polymerization Methods for MIPs
Evaluation of MIP Performance -
Imprinting Efficiency
MIPs Mimicking Natural Receptors
Conclusions and Outlook

QUANTITATIVE AFFINITY DATA ON SELECTED ARTIFICIAL RECEPTORS
Structures of Receptors