Annual Plant Reviews, The Evolution of Plant Form

The Evolution of Plant Form is an exceptional new volume in
Wiley-Blackwell's highly successful and well established
Annual Plant Reviews.

Written by recognised and respected researchers, this book
delivers a comprehensive guide to the diverse range of scientific
perspectives in land plant evolution, from morphological evolution
to the studies of the mechanisms of evolutionary change and the
tools with which they can be studied. This title distinguishes
itself from others in plant evolution through its synthesis of
these ideas, which then provides a framework for future studies and
exciting new developments in this

field.

The first chapter explores the origins of the major
morphological innovations in land plants and the following chapters
provide an exciting, in depth analysis of the morphological
evolution

of land plant groups including bryophytes, lycophytes, ferns,
gymnosperms and angiosperms. The second half of the book focuses on
evolutionary studies in land plants including genomics,

adaptation, development and phenotypic plasticity. The final
chapter provides a summary and perspective for future studies in
the evolution of plant form.

The Evolution of Plant Form provides essential information for
plant scientists and evolutionary biologists. All libraries and
research establishments, where biological and agricultural sciences
are

studied and taught, will find this important work a vital addition
to their shelves.

Autorentext

Barbara A. Ambrose is the Cullman Assistant Curator of Plant Genomics at The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, USA.

Michael Purugganan is the Dorothy Schiff Professor of Genomics at the Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, USA, and at the Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, NYU Abu Dhabi Institute, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

Zusammenfassung

The Evolution of Plant Form is an exceptional new volume in Wiley-Blackwell's highly successful and well established Annual Plant Reviews.

Written by recognised and respected researchers, this book delivers a comprehensive guide to the diverse range of scientific perspectives in land plant evolution, from morphological evolution to the studies of the mechanisms of evolutionary change and the tools with which they can be studied. This title distinguishes itself from others in plant evolution through its synthesis of these ideas, which then provides a framework for future studies and exciting new developments in this
field.

The first chapter explores the origins of the major morphological innovations in land plants and the following chapters provide an exciting, in depth analysis of the morphological evolution
of land plant groups including bryophytes, lycophytes, ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms. The second half of the book focuses on evolutionary studies in land plants including genomics,
adaptation, development and phenotypic plasticity. The final chapter provides a summary and perspective for future studies in the evolution of plant form.

The Evolution of Plant Form provides essential information for plant scientists and evolutionary biologists. All libraries and research establishments, where biological and agricultural sciences are
studied and taught, will find this important work a vital addition to their shelves.

Inhalt
List of Contributors xiii Preface xv

Acknowledgments xvii

1 Phylogenetic Analyses and Morphological Innovations in Land Plants 1

James A. Doyle

1.1 Introduction 2

1.2 Basic innovations in cell structure and life cycle: aquatic streptophytes 4

1.3 Invasion of the land: bryophytes 9

1.4 Origin of vascular plants: the importance of fossils 11

1.5 Early innovations within vascular plants: leaves, roots, and heterospory 13

1.6 Innovations on the line to seed plants: progymnosperms and seed ferns 18

1.7 Innovations within seed plants, especially conifers 22

1.8 Origin of angiosperms and their innovations 26

1.9 Innovations within angiosperms: monocots and eudicots 33

Acknowledgments 36

References 36

2 The Evolution of Body Form in Bryophytes 51

Bernard Goffinet and William R. Buck

2.1 Fundamental Bauplan of bryophytes 53

2.1.1 The apical meristem is unicellular and growth is modular 53

2.1.2 The architecture of the gametophyte varies within bryophytes 54

2.1.3 Bryophytes differ consistently in their sporophytes 54

2.2 Phylogenetic relationships of bryophytes 55

2.3 Evolution of plant form in liverworts 61

2.3.1 The gametophyte 61

2.3.2 The sporophyte 64

2.3.3 Evolutionary trends 65

2.4 Evolution of plant form in mosses 67

2.4.1 The gametophyte 67

2.4.2 The sporophyte 73

2.4.3 Evolutionary trends 76

2.5 Evolution of plant form in hornworts 78

2.5.1 The gametophyte 78

2.5.2 The sporophyte 80

2.5.3 Evolutionary trends 80

2.6 The ancestral developmental toolbox of land plants 80

Acknowledgments 84

References 84

3 The Morphology and Development of Lycophytes 91

Barbara A. Ambrose

3.1 Introduction 91

3.2 Vasculature 96

3.3 Shoot apical meristems 96

3.4 Sporophyte architecture 99

3.5 Microphylls 101

3.6 Sporangia 103

3.7 Roots 105

3.8 Structural enigmas 106

3.8.1 Ligules 106

3.8.2 Rhizophores 108

3.9 Conclusions 109

Acknowledgments 110

References 110

4 Evolutionary Morphology of Ferns (Monilophytes) 115

Harald Schneider

4.1 Introduction 115

4.2 Context of evolutionary plant morphology 117

4.2.1 Perspective 1: rapid radiation versus stasis in the evolution of fern body plans 120

4.2.2 Perspective 2: key structures and organs of fern body plans 123

4.2.3 Perspective 3: genomics and evo-devo of ferns 132

Acknowledgments 134

References 134

5 Gymnosperms 141

Dennis Wm. Stevenson

5.1 Introduction 141

5.2 Architecture 142

5.3 Shoots 144

5.4 Leaves 147

5.5 Roots 150

5.6 Seeds 152

5.7 Seedlings 153

5.8 Embryology 154

References 159

6 Identifying Key Features in the Origin and Early Diversification of Angiosperms 163

Paula J. Rudall

6.1 Introduction: key features of flowering plants 163

6.2 Patterning of flowers and inflorescences 164

6.3 Eight extant lineages of flowering plants 167

6.4 Origin of the angiosperms: the phylogenetic framework 169

6.5 Resolving conflicting hypotheses of flower origin 170

6.6 Evolution of the perianth 174

6.7 Carpels, gynoecia, and organ fusion 174

6.8 Origins of floral diversity: deep-node characters and genome duplications 176

6.9 Contrasting floral ground plans 178

6.10 Iterative origins of floral symmetry patterns and floral novelties 179

6.11 Constraints and canalization in floral evolution 180

Acknowledgments 181

References 181

7 Genomics, Adaptation, and the Evolution of Plant Form 189

Kristen Shepard 7.1 Overview 18...