Differential Diagnosis in Small Animal Medicine

A vital pocket-sized reference tool for busy practitioners and students, saving hours of searching through multiple sources. Differential Diagnosis in Small Animal Medicine, Second Edition brings together comprehensive differential diagnosis lists covering a wide range of presenting signs. This new edition has been fully updated with alphabetised lists for improved navigation. The lists cover the majority of presentations that are encountered in practice, including both common and uncommon conditions.

• Details differential diagnoses from diverse findings such as history, physical examination, diagnostic imaging, laboratory test results and electrodiagnostic testing

• Provides guidance on how common conditions are, and how commonly they are the cause of the presenting sign

• Useful throughout the working day for vets in small animal practice, the information will save hours searching alternative multiple references

• New co-author Kate Murphy brings her expertise as an ECVIM diplomate

• For ultimate ease of use this book is also available as an app for iOS and Android devices.
  To purchase the app visit www.skyscape.com/wiley/DDxSAMed2

Autorentext

About the authors Alex Gough, MA, VetMB, CertSAM, CertVC, PGCert (Neuroimaging), MRCVS Alex is the director of a referral and first opinion practice in Bath, UK, where he sees referrals in small animal medicine, cardiology and neurology. He is a holder of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons Certificate of Small Animal Medicine and Veterinary Cardiology and a Postgraduate Certificate in Neuroimaging for Research. He is the author of Breed Predispositions to Disease in Dogs and Cats (with Alison Thomas, Wiley-Blackwell, 2010) and is a frequent contributor to the Veterinary Times. Kate Murphy, BVSc (Hons), DSAM, DipECVIM-CA, MRCVS, PGCert(HE) Kate is the clinical lead in a referral practice in Bristol, UK, where she sees a wide spectrum of medicine cases. Before working in referral practice, Kate was a small animal medicine clinician at the University of Bristol from 2002 to early 2011 where she ran the intensive care and emergency medicine service and also the medicine referral team. She is a diplomate of the European College of Veterinary Internal Medicine. Kate is co-author of Notes on Canine Internal Medicine (with Edward Hall and Peter Darke, Wiley-Blackwell, 2004), has contributed chapters to BSAVA manuals and also has a number of peer-reviewed publications.

Inhalt

Introduction 1

Part 1: Historical Signs 5

1.1 General, systemic and metabolic historical signs 5

1.1.1 Polyuria/polydipsia 5

1.1.2 Weight loss 7

1.1.3 Weight gain 9

1.1.4 Polyphagia 10

1.1.5 Anorexia/inappetence 11

1.1.6 Failure to grow 13

1.1.7 Syncope/collapse 14

1.1.8 Weakness 18

1.2 Gastrointestinal/abdominal historical signs 22

1.2.1 Ptyalism/salivation/hypersalivation 22

1.2.2 Gagging/retching 24

1.2.3 Dysphagia 26

1.2.4 Regurgitation 27

1.2.5 Vomiting 28

1.2.6 Diarrhoea 34

1.2.7 Melaena 40

1.2.8 Haematemesis 42

1.2.9 Haematochezia 44

1.2.10 Constipation/obstipation 46

1.2.11 Faecal tenesmus/dyschezia 48

1.2.12 Faecal incontinence 49

1.2.13 Flatulence/borborygmus 50

1.3 Cardiorespiratory historical signs 51

1.3.1 Coughing 51

1.3.2 Dyspnoea/tachypnoea 52

1.3.3 Sneezing and nasal discharge 53

1.3.4 Epistaxis 55

1.3.5 Haemoptysis 56

1.3.6 Exercise intolerance 58

1.4 Dermatological historical signs 59

1.4.1 Pruritus 59

1.5 Neurological historical signs 61

1.5.1 Seizures 61

1.5.2 Trembling/shivering 65

1.5.3 Ataxia 67

1.5.4 Paresis/paralysis 76

1.5.5 Coma/stupor 80

1.5.6 Altered behaviour: General changes 82

1.5.7 Altered behaviour: Specific behavioural problems 84

1.5.8 Deafness 85

1.5.9 Multifocal neurological disease 87

1.6 Ocular historical signs 90

1.6.1 Blindness/visual impairment 90

1.6.2 Epiphora/tear overflow 93

1.7 Musculoskeletal historical signs 95

1.7.1 Forelimb lameness 95

1.7.2 Hindlimb lameness 99

1.7.3 Multiple joint/limb lameness 103

1.8 Reproductive historical signs 104

1.8.1 Failure to observe oestrus 104

1.8.2 Irregular seasons 106

1.8.3 Infertility in the female with normal oestrus 107

1.8.4 Male infertility 108

1.8.5 Vaginal/vulval discharge 111

1.8.6 Abortion 111

1.8.7 Dystocia 112

1.8.8 Neonatal mortality 114

1.9 Urological historical signs 115

1.9.1 Pollakiuria/dysuria/stranguria 115

1.9.2 Polyuria/polydipsia 115

1.9.3 Anuria/oliguria 116

1.9.4 Haematuria 117

1.9.5 Urinary incontinence/inappropriate urination 119

Part 2: Physical Signs 121

2.1 General/miscellaneous physical signs 121

2.1.1 Abnormalities of body temperature hyperthermia 121

2.1.2 Abnormalities of body temperature hypothermia 127

2.1.3 Enlarged lymph nodes 127

2.1.4 Diffuse pain 130

2.1.5 Peripheral oedema 130

2.1.6 Hypertension 132

2.1.7 Hypotension 133

2.2 Gastrointestinal/abdominal physical signs 135

2.2.1 Oral lesions 135

2.2.2 Abdominal distension 137

2.2.3 Abdominal pain 138

2.2.4 Perianal swelling 141

2.2.5 Jaundice 142

2.2.6 Abnormal liver palpation 144

2.3 Cardiorespiratory physical signs 146

2.3.1 Dyspnoea/tachypnoea 146

2.3.2 Pallor 151

2.3.3 Shock 151

2.3.4 Cyanosis 153

2.3.5 Ascites 155

2.3.6 Abnormal respiratory sounds 155

2.3.7 Abnormal heart sounds 156

2.3.8 Abnormalities in heart rate 160

2.3.9 Jugular distension/hepatojugular reflux 163

2.3.10 Alterations in arterial pulse 163

2.4 Dermatological signs 164

2.4.1 Scaling 164

2.4.2 Pustules and papules (including miliary dermatitis) 166

2.4.3 Nodules 168

2.4.4 Pigmentation disorders (coat or skin) 170

2.4.5 Alopecia 172 2.4.6 Erosive/ulcerative skin dise...