The harmful impacts of pollution on atmospheric, terrestrial and aquatic environments can cause extreme temperature changes, clean water shortage, and increase toxicity. This book studies environmental pollution impacts, from the mechanism of toxic nanoparticles on the molecular level to the detection of trace gas on the satellite perspective. It presents recent developments in advanced monitoring techniques, efficient process technologies and health impact assessment tools, from environmental scientists of diversified fields. The three sections highlight important aspects of emerging monitoring technologies in Atmospheric Environment, Contaminants Control Process and Environmental Toxicity Assessment. Observational tools presented in the first section range from in-situ analytical to digital techniques for atmospheric monitoring. Highlighted in the second section is the recently developed water quality monitoring system for lake stratification and membrane technologies for detection and removal of contaminants. Lastly, toxicity mechanisms of endocrine disruptors and nanoparticles are highlighted on the third section, with important new discoveries.

The major topics addressed are: atmospheric environmental monitoring, including monitoring and modeling of trace air pollutants, contaminants control process monitoring, environmental toxicity monitoring and assessments, biological and chemical monitoring for environmental toxicity, monitoring technology for desalination water quality and toxicity measurement of desalted and concentrated water.

Résumé
The extent of harmful effects of pollution on atmospheric, terrestrial and aquatic environments can be translated into extreme temperature changes, dirty air, clean water shortages, and increased incidence of toxicity that harms every life on earth. Within a lifetime, our environment is changing drastically. Much of the information of environmental pollution impacts needs to be studied, from the mechanism of toxic nanoparticles on the molecular level to the detection of trace gases on the satellite perspective. It is therefore essential to develop advanced monitoring techniques, e- cient process technologies and health impact assessment tools to ?ll the gaps in our scienti?c knowledge. This edition of Atmospheric and Biological Environmental Monitoring is a handful of recent developments and techniques from environmental scientists in well-diversi?ed ?elds. These collections of manuscripts are extracts from the recently concluded 7th International Symposium on Advanced Environmental Monitoring organized by the ADvanced Environmental Monitoring and Research Center (ADEMRC), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Korea and held on February 2528, 2008 in Honolulu, Hawaii. The three parts highlight important aspects of emerging environmental monitoring technologies: Atmospheric Environment, Contaminants Control Process, and Environmental Toxicity Asse- ment. Observational tools presented in the ?rst part ranges from in-situ measurements to satellite remote sensing for atmospheric monitoring. Highlighted in the second part is the recently developed water quality monitoring system for lake strati?cation and membrane technologies for detection and removal of contaminants. Lastly, toxicity monitoring of endocrine disruptors andnanoparticles are highlighted in the third part with new discoveries.

Contenu
Atmospheric Environment Monitoring.- Two- and Three Dimensional Observation of Trace Gas and Aerosol Distributions by DOAS Techniques.- Atmospheric Aerosol Monitoring from Satellite Observations: A History of Three Decades.- Digital Photographic Technique to Quantify Plume Opacity During Daytime and Nighttime.- Scanning Infrared Remote Sensing System for Detection, Identification and Visualization of Airborne Pollutants.- Remote Sensing of Tropospheric Trace Gases (NO2 and SO2) from SCIAMACHY.- An Advanced Test Method forMeasuring Fugitive Dust Emissions Using a Hybrid System of Optical Remote Sensing and PointMonitor Techniques.- Aerosol Sampling Efficiency Evaluation Methods at the US Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center.- Smog Chamber Measurements.- Aerosol Concentrations and Remote Sources of Airborne Elements Over Pico Mountain, Azores, Portugal.- Contaminants Control Process Monitoring.- Removal of Selected Organic Micropollutants from WWTP Effluent with Powdered Activated Carbon and Retention by Nanofiltration.- Development of Vertically Moving AutomaticWater Monitoring System (VeMAS) for LakeWater Quality Management.- Environmental Toxicity Monitoring and Assessment.- Toxicity of Metallic Nanoparticles in Microorganisms- a Review.- EnvironmentalMonitoring by Use of Genomics andMetabolomics Technologies.- A Gene Expression Profiling Approach to Study the Influence of Ultrafine Particles on Rat Lungs.- Effects of Endocrine Disruptors on Nervous System Related Gene Expression: Comprehensive Analysis of Medaka Fish.- Assessment of River Health by CombinedMicroscale Toxicity Testing and Chemical Analysis.- Saccharomyces cerevisiae as Biosensor for Cyto- and Genotoxic Activity.- The Application of Cell Based Biosensor and Biochip for EnvironmentalMonitoring.- Fabrication of Electrophoretic PDMS/PDMS Lab-on-a-chip Integrated with Au Thin-Film Based Amperometric Detection for Phenolic Chemicals.- Swimming Behavioral Toxicity in JapaneseMedaka (Oryzias latipes) Exposed to Various Chemicals for Biological Monitoring ofWater Quality.- The Effects of Earthworm Maturity on Arsenic Accumulation and Growth After Exposure to OECD Soils Containing Mine Tailings.