Elementary Particle Physics

Meeting the need for a coherently written and comprehensive compendium combining field theory and particle physics for advanced students and researchers, this book directly links the theory to the experiments. It is clearly divided into two sections covering approaches to field theory and the standard model, and rounded off with numerous useful appendices. A timely volume for high energy and theoretical physicists, as well as astronomers, graduate students and lecturers in physics. Volume 2 concentrates on the main aspects of the Standard Model by addressing its recent developments and future prospects. Furthermore, it gives some thought to intriguing ideas beyond the Standard Model, including the Higgs boson, the neutrino, the concepts of the Grand Unified Theory and supersymmetry, axions, and cosmological developments.

Auteur

*Yorikiyo Nagashima is Professor Emeritus at the Department of Physics of Osaka University, Japan. An organizer of international conferences, he is also a member of the most important collaboration groups in his field of expertise, including those related to neutrino research. Professor Nagashima was the spokesman of the VENUS group, one of the major detectors of the Japanese first collider accelerator TORISTAN, where he served the first and second term at the start of the project. Professor Nagashima has authored or co-authored 296 papers, some of them cited up to 250 times.*

Résumé
ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES Meeting the need for a coherently written and comprehensive compendium combining field theory and particle physics for advanced students and researchers, this volume directly links the theory to the experiments. It is clearly divided into two sections covering approaches to field theory and the Standard Model, and rounded off with numerous useful appendices. A timely work for high energy and theoretical physicists, as well as astronomers, graduate students and lecturers in physics. From the contents:

• Particles and Fields
• Lorentz Invariance
• Dirac Equation
• Field Quantization
• Scattering Matrix
• QED: Quantum Electrodynamics
• Radiative Corrections and Tests of Qed
• Symmetries
• Path Integral : Basics
• Path Integral Approach to Field Theory
• Accelerator and Detector Technology
• Spectroscopy
• The Quark Model
• Weak Interaction
• Neutral Kaons and CP Violation
• Hadron Structure
• Gauge Theories
• Appendices Volume 2 (2013, ISBN 3-527-40966-1) will concentrate on the main aspects of the Standard Model by addressing its recent developments and future prospects. Furthermore, it will give some thought to intriguing ideas beyond the Standard Model, including the Higgs boson, the neutrino, the concepts of the Grand Unified Theory and supersymmetry, axions, and cosmological developments.

Contenu
Foreword V

Preface XVII

Acknowledgements XXI

Part One a Field Theoretical Approach 1

1 Introduction 3

1.1 An Overview of the Standard Model 3

1.1.1 What is an Elementary Particle? 3

1.1.2 The Four Fundamental Forces and Their Unification 4

1.1.3 The Standard Model 7

1.2 The Accelerator as a Microscope 11

2 Particles and Fields 13

2.1 What is a Particle? 13

2.2 What is a Field? 21

2.2.1 Force Field 21

2.2.2 Relativistic Wave Equation 25

2.2.3 Matter Field 27

2.2.4 Intuitive Picture of a Field and Its Quantum 28

2.2.5 Mechanical Model of a Classical Field 29

2.3 Summary 32

2.4 Natural Units 33

3 Lorentz Invariance 37

3.1 Rotation Group 37

3.2 Lorentz Transformation 41

3.2.1 General Formalism 41

3.2.2 Lorentz Vectors and Scalars 43

3.3 Space Inversion and Time Reversal 45

3.4 Covariant Formalism 47

3.4.1 Tensors 47

3.4.2 Covariance 48

3.4.3 Supplementing the Time Component 49

3.4.4 Rapidity 51

3.5 Lorentz Operator 53

3.6 Poincaré Group* 56

4 Dirac Equation 59

4.1 Relativistic Schrödinger Equation 59

4.1.1 Dirac Matrix 59

4.1.2 Weyl Spinor 61

4.1.3 Interpretation of the Negative Energy 64

4.1.4 Lorentz-Covariant Dirac Equation 69

4.2 Plane-Wave Solution 71

4.3 Properties of the Dirac Particle 75

4.3.1 Magnetic Moment of the Electron 75

4.3.2 Parity 77

4.3.3 Bilinear Form of the Dirac Spinor 78

4.3.4 Charge Conjugation 79

4.3.5 Chiral Eigenstates 82

4.4 Majorana Particle 84

5 Field Quantization 89

5.1 Action Principle 89

5.1.1 Equations of Motion 89

5.1.2 Hamiltonian Formalism 90

5.1.3 Equation of a Field 91

5.1.4 Noether's Theorem 95

5.2 Quantization Scheme 100

5.2.1 Heisenberg Equation of Motion 100

5.2.2 Quantization of the Harmonic Oscillator 102

5.3 Quantization of Fields 105

5.3.1 Complex Fields 106

5.3.2 Real Field 111

5.3.3 Dirac Field 112

5.3.4 Electromagnetic Field 114

5.4 Spin and Statistics 119

5.5 Vacuum Fluctuation 121

5.5.1 The Casimir Effect* 122

6 Scattering Matrix 127

6.1 Interaction Picture 127

6.2 Asymptotic Field Condition 131

6.3 Explicit Form of the S-Matrix 133

6.3.1 Rutherford Scattering 135

6.4 Relativistic Kinematics 136

6.4.1 Center of Mass Frame and Laboratory Frame 136

6.4.2 Crossing Symmetry 139

6.5 Relativistic Cross Section 141

6.5.1 Transition Rate 141

6.5.2 Relativistic Normalization 142

6.5.3 Incoming Flux and Final State Density 144

6.5.4 Lorentz-Invariant Phase Space 145

6.5.5 Cross Section in the Center of Mass Frame 145

6.6 Vertex Functions and the Feynman Propagator 147

6.6.1 ee Vertex Function 147

6.6.2 Feynman Propagator 151

6.7 Mott Scattering 157

6.7.1 Cross Section 157

6.7.2 Coulomb Scattering and Magnetic Scattering 161

6.7.3 Helicity Conservation 161

6.7.4 A Method to Rotate Spin 161

6.8 Yukawa Interaction 162

7 Qed: Quantum Electrodynamics 167

7.1 e Scattering 167

7.1.1 Cross Section 167

7.1.2 Elastic Scattering of Polarized e 171 7.1.3 *e e+ + </...