Beyond the Standard Model of Elementary Particle Physics

Eine sorgfältig und umfassend aufbereitete Präsentation unseres gesamten Wissens zu den großen Fragen der modernen Teilchenphysik mit Schwerpunkt auf Dunkler Materie und Dunkler Energie. Damit geht der Autor weit über das Standardmodell der Teilchenphysik hinaus, das die bekannten Elementarteilchen und ihre Wechselwirkungen beschreibt. Die theoretischen Modelle und Darstellungen werden in Beziehung gesetzt aktuellen Experimenten an modernen Beschleunigerzentren wie dem CERN. Ergänzt das ausführliche zweibändige Standardwerk des Autors zur Elementarteilchenphysik.

Auteur
Yorikiyo Nagashima is Professor Emeritus at the Department of Physics of Osaka University, Japan. An organizer of international conferences, he is also a member of the most important collaboration groups in his field of expertise, including those related to neutrino research. Professor Nagashima was the spokesman of the VENUS group, one of the major detectors of the Japanese first collider accelerator TORISTAN, where he served the first and second term at the start of the project. Professor Nagashima has authored or co-authored almost 300 papers, some of them cited up to 250 times.

Texte du rabat
A unique and comprehensive presentation of modern particle physics which stores the background knowledge on the big open questions beyond the standard model, as the implications of the evidence of the Higgs-boson, of neutrino physics, or the nature of Dark Matter and Dark Energy. In each topic, key ideas are introduced and basic formulas to understand phenomenological outcomes are derived. Experimental techniques to detect them are also explained. Finally, most recent data and future prospects are reviewed. The book can be used to
give a quick view of specialized topics to high energy and theoretical physicists as well as to astronomers and graduate students.

From the contents:
? Higgs
? Neutrino
? Grand Unifi ed Theories
? Supersymmetry I: Basics
? Supersymmetry II: Phenomenology
? Extra Dimension
? Axion
? Cosmology I: Big Bang Universe
? Cosmology II: Structure Formation
? Dark Matter
? Dark Energy

Yorikiyo Nagashima is Professor Emeritus at the Department of Physics of Osaka University, Japan. An organizer of international conferences, he is also a member of the most important collaboration groups in his field of expertise, including those related to neutrino research. Professor Nagashima was the spokesman of the
VENUS group, one of the major detectors of the Japanese first collider accelerator TORISTAN, where he served the first and second term at the start of the project.
Professor Nagashima has authored or co-authored almost 300 papers, some of them cited up to 250 times.

Résumé
A unique and comprehensive presentation on modern particle physics which stores the background knowledge on the big open questions beyond the standard model, as the existence of the Higgs-boson, or the nature of Dark Matter and Dark Energy.

Contenu

Preface xiii

Acknowledgments xvii

Glossary xix

1 Higgs 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Higgs Interactions 2

1.2.1 Standard Model 2

1.2.2 Lagrangian After Symmetry Breaking 5

1.2.3 Decay Modes 6

1.3 Mass 9

1.3.1 Predictions from EW Data 9

1.3.2 Vacuum stability 10

1.3.3 Theoretical Upper Limit 12

1.4 Little and Big Hierarchy Problem 16

1.5 Higgs in the Supersymmetry 19

1.5.1 Two Higgs Doublets 19

1.5.2 Coupling Strengths of MSSM Higgs 22

1.5.3 Mass Spectrum of MSSM Higgs 24

1.6 Is the Higgs Elementary? 28

1.6.1 Technicolor Model 29

1.6.2 Little Higgs Model 31

1.7 Production and Detection of Higgs 38

1.7.1 Higgsstrahlung e**e+ hZ 39

1.7.2 W Boson Fusion 39

1.7.3 Productions at the Hadron Collider 43

1.7.4 Signals at LHC 46

1.7.5 Higgs Detection Methods 48

1.7.6 Discovery of Higgs 51

1.7.7 SM Higgs? 52

1.7.8 MSSM Higgs and Future Prospect 55

1.8 Summary 58

2 Neutrino 61

2.1 Introduction 61

2.2 Neutrino Mass 62

2.2.1 Mass Matrix 65

2.2.2 Left-Right Symmetric Model 69

2.3 Electromagnetic Interaction 70

2.4 Neutrino Mixing 73

2.5 Neutrino Oscillation 76

2.5.1 Two-Flavor Oscillation 76

2.5.2 Atmospheric Neutrino 79

2.5.3 Accelerator Experiments 82

2.6 Underground Detectors 87

2.7 Solar Neutrino 93

2.7.1 The Solar Puzzle 93

2.7.2 Matter Oscillation 100

2.7.3 Reactor Experiment 111

2.8 Three-Flavor Oscillation 114

2.8.1 PMNS Matrix 114

2.8.2 Summary of Experimental Data 120

2.8.3 CP Violation and Mass Hierarchy 121

2.8.4 Future Prospects 124

2.9 Double Beta Decay 126

2.9.1 The Effective Majorana Mass 128

2.9.2 Current Status 129

2.9.3 To Design an Experiment 131

2.9.4 Experimental Apparatus 133

2.10 Supernova Neutrino 136

2.10.1 Stellar Evolution 138

2.10.2 Feedback to Particle Physics 150

3 Grand Unified Theories 155

3.1 Introduction 155

3.2 Why GUTs? 155

3.2.1 Weinberg Angle in GUTs 157

3.2.2 Quantization of the Electric Charge 157

3.2.3 Triangle Anomaly 158

3.3 SU(5) 160

3.3.1 Fermion Representation 161

3.3.2 Representation of the Gauge Particle 164

3.3.3 Symmetry Breakdown 168

3.3.4 Predictions 170

3.4 SO(10) 174

3.4.1 LeftRight Symmetric World 174

3.4.2 New Gauge Bosons Z and W 175

3.5 Hierarchy Problem 182

3.6 Susy Gut 185

4 Supersymmetry I: Basics 189

4.1 Introduction 189

4.1.1 Toy Model 190

4.1.2 Field Theoretical Operators 191

4.2 Two-Component Formalism 193

4.2.1 Majorana Fields 193

4.2.2 SUSY Operators 198

4.2.3 Superspace 200

4.3 Chiral Superfield 203

4.3.1 Products of Chiral Superfields 206

4.4 Vector Superfields 206

4.4.1 Field Strength 209

4.5 Action 210

4.5.1 SUSY Invariant Action 210

4.5.2 Kinetic Energy of Chiral Superfield 212

4.5.3 Superpotential 213

4.5.4 Lagrangian of the Chiral Fields 215

4.5.5 Kinetic Energy of Vector Field 216

4.6 Gauge Interaction 217

4.6.1 Global U(1) Transformation 217

4.6.2 Local U(1) Transformation 217

4.6.3 Non-Abelian Interaction 219 4.7 Summary ...