Enzymatic Basis of Detoxication Volume 2

Enzymatic Basis of Detoxication, Volume II, reviews the state of knowledge on foreign compound metabolism at the level of what specific enzymes can do. The book attempts to provide a holistic view of the information gleaned from work with specific, purified enzymes encompassing as many mammalian sources as have been studied. The book is organized into two parts. Part I on conjugation reactions and related systems includes studies on the properties of glucuronide formation; the physiological function, assay, and purificatgion of function of bilirubin-glucuronoside glucuronosyltransferase; the roles of N- and O-methylation reactions and glutathione transferases in detoxication; and amino acid conjugation. Part II presents studies on hydrolytic systems, covering the role of epoxide hydrolase, carboxylesterases, and amidases in detoxication and the regulatory effects of these enzymes.

This book provides pharmacologists and toxicologists with the biochemical view of detoxication, and biochemists with the corresponding pharmacological and toxicological aspects.

Contenu

List of Contributors

Preface

Contents of Volume I

Part I. Conjugation Reactions and Related Systems

Chapter 1 Glucuronidation

I. Introduction

II. Metabolic Glucuronidation

III. Properties of Purified UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase

IV. Evidence for Heterogeneity of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase

V. Relationship of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase to Membrane Environment

VI. Regulation of Transferase Activity

VII. Measurement of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase Activity

VIII. Comments

References

Chapter 2 Dismutation of Bilirubin Monoglucuronide

I. Scope of the Reaction in Detoxication

II. Physiological Role

III. Assay of Bilirubin Glucuronoside Glucuronosyltransferase

IV. Purification of the Enzyme

References

Chapter 3 N- and O-Methylation

I. Scope of N- and O-Methylation Reactions in Detoxication

II. Enzymes Involved in N- and O-Methylation Reactions

References

Chapter 4 Glutathione Transferases

I. Introduction

II. Detoxication by Catalysis

III. The Binding Function

IV. Distribution, Induction, and Role

References

Chapter 5 Enzymes of Mercapturic Acid Formation

I. Introduction

II. -Glutamyl Transpeptidase

III. Peptidases Active in Hydrolysis of Cysteinylglycine Peptides

IV. N-Acetyltransferase

V. Perspectives

References

Chapter 6 Cysteine Conjugate ß-Lyase

I. Introduction

II. Assay Method for the Enzyme Activity

III. Purification and Properties

IV. Distribution

V. Implication of the Enzyme in the Methylthiolation of a Drug

References

Chapter 7 S-Methylation: Thio S-Methyltransferase

I. Introduction

II. The Enzyme

III. Distribution

IV. Detoxication of Hydrogen Sulfide

References

Chapter 8 Conjugation by Peptide Bond Formation

I. Introduction

II. Reactions and Enzymes Involved in Peptide Bond Formation

III. Conjugation of Benzoates and Aryl Acetates with Glycine and L-Glutamine

IV. Conjugation of Bile Acids with Glycine and Taurine

V. Comments

References

Chapter 9 Acetylation

I. Introduction

II. Enzyme Purification and Properties

III. Toxicology and Acetylation Polymorphism

References

Chapter 10 Arylhydroxamic Acid Acyltransferase

I. N,O-Acyltransferase-Mediated Toxicity of Arylhydroxamic Acids

II. Arylhydroxamic Acid Acyltransferase

References

Chapter 11 Sulfotransferases

I. Introduction

II. Activation of Sulfate

III. The Sulfotransferases

IV. Regulation of Conjugation with Sulfate

V. Comments

References

Chapter 12 Thioltransferases

I. Scope of the Reactions Catalyzed by Thioltransferases in Detoxication

II. Thioltransferases

References

Chapter 13 Rhodanese and the Sulfane Pool

I. Detoxication of Cyanide and Inorganic Sulfide

II. Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions That Use or Produce Sulfane Sulfur

III. Conclusion-Toxicity of Sulfane Depletion

References

Chapter 14 Glyoxalase I

I. Scope of the Reactions Catalyzed by Glyoxalase I in Detoxication

II. Glyoxalase I

References

Part II. Hydrolytic Systems

Chapter 15 Epoxide Hydrolase

I. Introduction

II. Scope of the Reaction in Detoxication

III. Purification, Assay, and Properties of the Enzyme

IV. Regulation of the Enzyme

V. Comments

References

Chapter 16 Carboxylesterases and Amidases

I. Role of Carboxylesterases/Amidases in Detoxication

II. The Enzymes: B-Type Carboxylesterases/Amidases

III. Regulatory Effects

References

Index