Fusion Plasma Physics

This revised and enlarged second edition of the popular textbook and reference contains comprehensive treatments of both the established foundations of magnetic fusion plasma physics and of the newly developing areas of active research. It concludes with a look ahead to fusion power reactors of the future. The well-established topics of fusion plasma physics -- basic plasma phenomena, Coulomb scattering, drifts of charged particles in magnetic and electric fields, plasma confinement by magnetic fields, kinetic and fluid collective plasma theories, plasma equilibria and flux surface geometry, plasma waves and instabilities, classical and neoclassical transport, plasma-materials interactions, radiation, etc. -- are fully developed from first principles through to the computational models employed in modern plasma physics. The new and emerging topics of fusion plasma physics research -- fluctuation-driven plasma transport and gyrokinetic/gyrofluid computational methodology, the physics of the divertor, neutral atom recycling and transport, impurity ion transport, the physics of the plasma edge (diffusive and non-diffusive transport, MARFEs, ELMs, the L-H transition, thermal-radiative instabilities, shear suppression of transport, velocity spin-up), etc. -- are comprehensively developed and related to the experimental evidence. Operational limits on the performance of future fusion reactors are developed from plasma physics and engineering constraints, and conceptual designs of future fusion power reactors are discussed.

Auteur
Professor Stacey received his PhD in Nuclear Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1966. He then worked in naval reactor design at Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory and led the fast reactor theory and computations and the fusion research programs at Argonne National Laboratory. In 1977, he became Callaway Professor of Nuclear Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology, where he has been teaching and performing research in reactor physics and plasma physics. He is the author of six books and about 250 research papers. He led the international INTOR Workshop which defined the design features and R&D needs for the first fusion experimental reactor, for which he received the US Dept. of Energy Distinguished Associate Award. Professor Stacey is a Fellow of the American Nuclear Society and of the American Physical Society and is the recipient of, among other awards, the Seaborg Award for Nuclear Research and the Wigner Reactor Physics Award from the American Nuclear Society.

Contenu

1 Basic Physics 1

1.1 Fusion 1

1.2 Plasma 7

1.3 Coulomb Collisions 10

1.4 Electromagnetic Theory 17

2 Motion of Charged Particles 23

2.1 Gyromotion and Drifts 23

2.1.1 Gyromotion 23

2.1.2 E B Drift 26

2.1.3 Grad-B Drift 27

2.1.4 Polarization Drift 29

2.1.5 Curvature Drift 30

2.2 Constants of the Motion 33

2.2.1 Magnetic Moment 33

2.2.2 Second Adiabatic Invariant* 34

2.2.3 Canonical Angular Momentum 36

2.3 Diamagnetism* 38

3 Magnetic Confinement 43

3.1 Confinement in Mirror Fields 43

3.1.1 Simple Mirror 43

3.1.2 Tandem Mirrors* 48

3.2 Closed Toroidal Confinement Systems 51

3.2.1 Confinement 51

3.2.2 Flux Surfaces 55

3.2.3 Trapped Particles 57

3.2.4 Transport Losses 61

4 Kinetic Theory 67

4.1 Boltzmann and Vlasov Equations 68

4.2 Drift Kinetic Approximation 68

4.3 FokkerPlanck Theory of Collisions 71

4.4 Plasma Resistivity 78

4.5 Coulomb Collisional Energy Transfer 80

4.6 Krook Collision Operators* 84

5 Fluid Theory 87

5.1 Moments Equations 87

5.2 One-Fluid Model 91

5.3 Magneto hydrodynamic Model 95

5.4 Anisotropic Pressure Tensor Model* 98

5.5 Strong Field, Transport Time Scale Ordering 100

6 Plasma Equilibria 105

6.1 General Properties 105

6.2 Axisymmetric Toroidal Equilibria 107

6.3 Large Aspect Ratio Tokamak Equilibria 113

6.4 Safety Factor 119

6.5 Shafranov Shift* 122

6.6 Beta* 125

6.7 Magnetic Field Diffusion and Flux Surface Evolution* 127

6.8 Anisotropic Pressure Equilibria* 130

6.9 Elongated Equilibria* 132

6.9.1 Geometry 132

6.9.2 Flux surface average 134

6.9.3 Equivalent toroidal models 134

6.9.4 Interpretation of thermal diffusivities from measured temperature gradients 136

6.9.5 Prediction of poloidal distribution of conductive heat flux 137

6.9.6 Mapping radial gradients to different poloidal locations 138

7 Waves 141

7.1 Waves in an Unmagnetized Plasma 141

7.1.1 Electromagnetic Waves 141

7.1.2 Ion Sound Waves 143

7.2 Waves in a Uniformly Magnetized Plasma 144

7.2.1 Electromagnetic Waves 144

7.2.2 Shear Alfven Wave 147

7.3 Langmuir Waves and Landau Damping 149

7.4 Vlasov Theory of Plasma Waves* 152

7.5 Electrostatic Waves* 158

8 Instabilities 165

8.1 Hydromagnetic Instabilities 168

8.1.1 MHD Theory 169

8.1.2 ChewGoldbergerLow Theory 170

8.1.3 Guiding Center Theory 172

8.2 Energy Principle 175

8.3 Pinch and Kink Instabilities 179

8.4 Interchange (Flute) Instabilities 183

8.5 Ballooning Instabilities 189

8.6 Drift Wave Instabilities 193

8.7 Resistive Tearing Instabilities* 196

8.7.1 Slab Model 196

8.7.2 MHD Regions 197

8.7.3 Resistive Layer 199

8.7.4 Magnetic Islands 200

8.8 Kinetic Instabilities* 202

8.8.1 Electrostatic Instabilities 202

8.8.2 Collisionless Drift Waves 203

8.8.3 Electron Temperature Gradient Instabilities 205

8.8.4 Ion Temperature Gradient Instabilities 206

8.8.5 LossCone and DriftCone Instabilities 207

8.9 Sawtooth Oscillations* 211

9 Neoclassical Transport 215

9.1 Collisional Transport Mechanisms 215

9.1.1 Particle Fluxes 215

9.1.2 Heat Fluxes 217

9.1.3 Momentum Fluxes 218

9.1.4 Friction Force 220

9.1.5 Thermal Force 220 9.2 Classical Transpo...