Optical properties of Inhomogeneous materials

Optical Properties of Inhomogeneous Materials: Applications to Geology, Astronomy, Chemistry, and Engineering reviews the results of studies of the optical properties of inhomogeneous materials and provides a guide for solving a number of related scientific and engineering problems based on these studies. Some of these studies focus on the surface and atmosphere of Mars, the earth's atmosphere, and the interstellar medium. The tools necessary for modeling the radiation scattered from diffuse surfaces are also described.

Comprised of 12 chapters, this book begins with a brief introduction to the formalism for optical properties of inhomogeneous materials, followed by a description of surface scattering models in order of increasing complexity and a discussion of atmospheric scattering by particulates. The experimental approaches for the determination of the refractive and absorptive components of the optical complex indices of refraction are then considered. Subsequent chapters present actual diffuse surface modeling examples and discuss applications such as remote sensing of planetary surfaces; study of the interstellar medium; research on thermal energy collectors; analysis of coatings and paints; and remote mineral exploration.

This monograph will be of interest to scientists, students, and researchers in different disciplines such as geology, optical mineralogy, astronomy, chemistry, soil mechanics, mechanical engineering, and optics.

Contenu

Preface

Acknowledgments

Chapter I Mathematical Fundamentals

A. Introduction

B. Complex Notation

C. Scattering

D. Basic Principles of Electromagnetic Radiation in Complex Form

E. Effect of Scattering on Reflectivity

F. Summary

Notes on Supplementary Reading Material

Chapter II Theoretical Scattering Models that Include Absorption

A. Introduction

B. Scattering Models for Solids

C. Atmospheric Scattering

Notes on Supplementary Reading Material

Chapter III Real Index Measurement Techniques from Ultraviolet to Infrared

A. Introduction

B. Refractometer

C. Minimum Angle Deviation

D. Becke Line

E. Fresnel's Equations

F. Brewster Angle Technique

G. Discussion of Limits of Applicability

Notes on Supplementary Reading Material

Chapter IV Absorption and Scattering Measurement Techniques

A. Introduction

B. Integrating Spheres

C. Ellipsometry

Notes on Supplementary Reading Material

Chapter V Optical Complex Index of Refraction Between 0.185 and 2.6 µm

A. Introduction

B. Examples

Notes on Supplementary Reading Material

Chapter VI Surface Reflectance Modeling Using Complex Indices

A. Introduction

B. Mie Theory

C. Two-Flux Model

D. Six-Flux Models

E. Noncontinuum Models

Notes on Supplementary Reading Material

CHAPTER VII Surface Retroreflectance (Opposition Effect)

A. Introduction

B. Experiment

C. Theory

Notes on Supplementary Reading Material

Chapter VIII Remote Sensing of Planetary Surfaces

A. Introduction

B. The Lunar Surface

C. The Martian Surface

D. The Rings of Saturn

E. Asteroids and Meteors

Notes on Supplementary Reading Material

Chapter IX Remote Sensing of the Interstellar Medium

Notes on Supplementary Reading Material

Chapter X Thermal Energy Collectors: Coating Characteristics

A. Introduction

B. Simple Films

C. Gradient Refractive Index Films

D. Composite Material Films

E. Enhancement Techniques

Notes on Supplementary Reading Material

Chapter XI Coatings and Paints

A. Introduction

B. Compacted Powder Mixtures

C. Tailoring Reflectance

Notes on Supplementary Reading Material

Chapter XII Remote Mineral Exploration

A. Introduction

B. Lunar Remote Sensing

C. Martian Remote Sensing

Notes on Supplementary Reading Material

Appendixes

A. Program for Calculation of Optical Constants

B. Program for Calculation of Diffuse Surface Reflectance

C. Program for Calculation of Mie Scattering

References

Index