Modern Nuclear Chemistry

Written by established experts in the field, this book features in-depth discussions of proven scientific principles, current trends, and applications of nuclear chemistry to the sciences and engineering. Provides up-to-date coverage of the latest research and examines the theoretical and practical aspects of nuclear and radiochemistry Presents the basic physical principles of nuclear and radiochemistry in a succinct fashion, requiring no basic knowledge of quantum mechanics Adds discussion of math tools and simulations to demonstrate various phenomena, new chapters on Nuclear Medicine, Nuclear Forensics and Particle Physics, and updates to all other chapters Includes additional in-chapter sample problems with solutions to help students * Reviews of 1st edition: "... an authoritative, comprehensive but succinct, state-of-the-art textbook ...." (The Chemical Educator) and "...an excellent resource for libraries and laboratories supporting programs requiring familiarity with nuclear processes ..." (CHOICE)

Auteur

WALTER D. LOVELAND, PhD, is a professor of chemistry at Oregon State University, USA. DAVID J. MORRISSEY, PhD, is a professor of chemistry and associate director of the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory at Michigan State University, USA. GLENN T. SEABORG, PhD (deceased), was a professor of chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley, and cofounder and chairman of the Lawrence Hall of Science, USA. He is credited with discovering 10 new elements, including plutonium and one that now bears his name, seaborgium. In 1951, Dr. Seaborg and his colleague, Edwin McMillan, were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for research into transuranium elements.

Texte du rabat
"...an excellent resource for libraries and laboratories supporting programs requiring familiarity with nuclear processes in biology, chemistry, engineering, and environmental studies." CHOICE "...an authoritative, comprehensive but succinct, state-of-the-art textbook for advanced students as well as a valuable reference source for practicing scientists and engineers." The Chemical Educator Building on the legacy of its successful predecessor, this revision of Modern Nuclear Chemistry brings together a detailed and rigorous perspective on both the theoretical and practical aspects of this rapidly evolving field. This second edition provides additional solved problems to help students, as well as math tools and simulations to demonstrate various phenomena and new chapters on nuclear medicine, nuclear forensics, and particle physics. There are also updated chapters on nuclear structure; -, -, and -decay; nuclear reactions; fission; astrophysics; and nuclear reactor chemistry. Requiring no previous knowledge of quantum mechanics and written at a level suitable for advanced undergraduate or graduate courses in science and engineering, this book is designed to be used as a textbook and a reference for practicing scientists and engineers. Extensive appendices facilitate quick reference, and the inclusion of advanced materials and references appeals to those who desire a deeper immersion in the subject.

Contenu
Preface to the Second Edition xv

Preface to the First Edition xvii

1 Introductory Concepts 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 The Excitement and Relevance of Nuclear Chemistry 2

1.3 The Atom 3

1.4 Atomic Processes 4

1.4.1 Ionization 5

1.4.2 X-Ray Emission 5

1.5 The Nucleus: Nomenclature 7

1.6 Properties of the Nucleus 8

1.7 Survey of Nuclear Decay Types 9

1.8 Modern Physical Concepts Needed in Nuclear Chemistry 12

1.8.1 Elementary Mechanics 13

1.8.2 Relativistic Mechanics 14

1.8.3 de Broglie Wavelength: WaveParticle Duality 16

1.8.4 Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle 18

1.8.5 Units and Conversion Factors 19

Problems 19

Bibliography 21

2 Nuclear Properties 25

2.1 Nuclear Masses 25

2.2 Terminology 28

2.3 Binding Energy Per Nucleon 29

2.4 Separation Energy Systematics 31

2.5 Abundance Systematics 32

2.6 Semiempirical Mass Equation 33

2.7 Nuclear Sizes and Shapes 39

2.8 Quantum Mechanical Properties 43

2.8.1 Nuclear Angular Momentum 43

2.9 Electric and Magnetic Moments 45

2.9.1 Magnetic Dipole Moment 45

2.9.2 Electric Quadrupole Moment 48

Problems 51

Bibliography 55

3 Radioactive Decay Kinetics 57

3.1 Basic Decay Equations 57

3.2 Mixture of Two Independently Decaying Radionuclides 65

3.3 Radioactive Decay Equilibrium 66

3.4 Branching Decay 76

3.5 Radiation Dosage 77

3.6 Natural Radioactivity 79

3.6.1 General Information 79

3.6.2 Primordial Nuclei and the Uranium Decay Series 79

3.6.3 Cosmogenic Nuclei 81

3.6.4 Anthropogenic Nuclei 83

3.6.5 Health Effects of Natural Radiation 83

3.7 Radionuclide Dating 84

Problems 90

Bibliography 92

4 Nuclear Medicine 93

4.1 Introduction 93

4.2 Radiopharmaceuticals 94

4.3 Imaging 96

4.4 99Tcm 98

4.5 PET 101

4.6 Other Imaging Techniques 103

4.7 Some Random Observations about the Physics of Imaging 104

4.8 Therapy 108

Problems 110

Bibliography 112

5 Particle Physics and the Nuclear Force 113

5.1 Particle Physics 113

5.2 The Nuclear Force 117

5.3 Characteristics of the Strong Force 119

5.4 Charge Independence of Nuclear Forces 120

Problems 124

Bibliography 124

6 Nuclear Structure 125

6.1 Introduction 125

6.2 Nuclear Potentials 127

6.3 Schematic Shell Model 129

6.4 Independent Particle Model 141

6.5 Collective Model 143

6.6 Nilsson Model 149

6.7 Fermi Gas Model 152

Problems 161

Bibliography 164

7 𝛂-Decay 167

7.1 Introduction 167

7.2 Energetics of Decay 169

7.3 Theory of Decay 173

7.4 Hindrance Factors 182

7.5 Heavy Particle Radioactivity 183

7.6 Proton Radioactivity 185

Problems 186

Bibliography 188

8 𝛃-Decay 191

8.1 Introduction 191

8.2 Neutrino Hypothesis 192

8.3 Derivation of the Spectral Shape 196

8.4 Kurie Plots 199

8.5 Decay Rate Constant 200

8.6 Electron Capture Decay 206

8.7 Parity Nonconservation 207

8.8 Neutrinos Again 208

8.9 -Delayed Radioactivities 209

8.10 Double Decay 211

Problems 213

Bibliography 214 9 𝛄-Ray Dec...