Immobilized Enzymes in Medicine

The application of immobilized enzymes in medicine is the main objective of this book. The author reviews natural and synthetic carriers for enzyme immobilization, chemistry of enzyme binding, and in-vitro and in-vivo properties of immobilized enzymes. Four chapters are dedicated to clinical use of immobilized enzymes.

Contenu

1 Introduction.- 2 Enzymes in Medicine: Advantages and Disadvantages.- 2.1 Native Enzymes in Therapy and Clinical Analysis.- 2.2 Difficulties Connected with Enzyme Application in Medicine...- 2.3 How the Immobilization can Help.- 3 Immobilization of Therapeutic Enzymes.- 3.1 General Principles of Enzyme Stabilization and Immobilization.- 3.2 The Peculiarities of Enzyme Immobilization for Medical Use. Carriers and Immobilization Methods Required.- 3.3 The Fate of Immobilized Enzymes in the Body.- 3.4 Principal Types of Immobilized Enzymes in Medicine.- 4 Therapeutic Immobilized Enzymes for Parenteral Application.- 4.1 Preparations Intended for Prolonged Circulation in the Body.- 4.1.1 Enzymes Modified with Soluble Polymers.- 4.1.1.1 Carriers and Methods of Immobilization; Properties of Immobilized Enzymes.- 4.1.1.2 Thrombolytic Therapy with Immobilized Enzymes.- 4.1.2 Artificial Cells.- 4.1.2.1 Properties and Application of Enzymes Immobilized in Semipermeable Microcapsules.- 4.1.2.2 Properties and Application of Enzymes Immobilized in Liposomes.- 4.1.2.3 Properties and Application of Enzymes Immobilized in Red Blood Cells Ghosts.- 4.2 Insoluble Immobilized Enzymes for Local Application.- 4.2.1 Slow-Release Systems and Their Classification.- 4.2.2 Polymeric Enzyme-Containing Implants and Micoparticles with Immobilized Enzymes.- 4.2.3 Enzymes for Modification of Polymeric Implants and Prosthetic Devices.- 4.3 Immobilization Principles and Drug Targeting.- 4.3.1 Aims and Tasks of Drug Targeting.- 4.3.2 Principal Systems of Drug Targeting.- 4.3.3 Direct and Indirect Conjugation of Therapeutic Enzymes with Specific Vectors.- 4.3.4 Use of Microreservoirs for Targeted Drug Transport.- 4.3.5 Enzyme Immobilization on Magnetic Carriers.- 5 Immobilized Enzymes for Extracorporeal Application.- 5.1 Immobilized Enzymes in Extracorporeal Systems.- 5.2 Dressing and Drainage Materials Containing Immobilized Enzymes; Films, Ointments and Powders with Immobilized Enzymes in the Treatment of Wounds, Ulcers and Burns.- 6 Immobilized Enzymes in Clinical Analysis.- 6.1 Enzyme Electrodes.- 6.2 Enzyme Immunoassay.- 6.3 Immobilized Bioluminiscent Systems.- 6.4 Reactors with Immobilized Enzymes; Miscellaneous.- 7 Conclusion.- 8 References.