Integrated Sustainable Urban Water, Energy, and Solids Management

A guide for urban areas to achieve sustainability by recovering water, energy, and solids

Integrated Sustainable Urban Water, Energy, and Solids Management presents an integrated and sustainable system of urban water, used (waste) water, and waste solids management that would save and protect water quality, recover energy and other resources from used water and waste solids including plastics, and minimize or eliminate the need for landfills. The author--a noted expert on the topic--explains how to accomplish sustainability with drainage infrastructures connected to receiving waters that protect or mimic nature and are resilient to natural and anthropogenic stresses, including extreme events.

The book shows how to reduce emissions of greenhouse gasses to net zero level through water conservation, recycling, and generating blue and green energy from waste by emerging emission free technologies while simultaneously installing solar power on houses and wind power in communities. Water conservation and stormwater capture can provide good water quality for diverse applications from natural and reclaimed water to blue and green energy and other resources for use by present and future generations. This important book:

• Considers municipal solid waste as an ongoing source of energy and resources that will eliminate the need for landfills and can be processed along with used water

• Presents an integrated approach to urban sustainability

• Offers an approach for reducing greenhouse gas emissions by communities to net zero

Written for students, urban planners, managers, and waste management professionals, Integrated Sustainable Urban Water, Energy, and Solids Management is a must-have guide for achieving sustainable integrated water, energy, and resource recovery in urban areas.

Auteur

VLADIMIR NOVOTNY is Professor Emeritus at Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI and Northeastern University, Boston, MA, as well as managing partner at AquaNova LLC. He has over 50 years' experience in teaching and research in the fields of water quality and environmental management, wastewater treatment plant design, and nonpoint pollution identification and management.

Contenu
Preface xi

Integrated Sustainable Urban Water, Energy, and Solids Management 1

1 Sustainability Goals for Urban Water and Solid Waste Systems 3

1.1 Introduction to Urban Sustainability 3

1.2 Historic and Current Urban Paradigms 8

Paradigms of Urbanization 9

1.3 Global Climate Changes 14

1.4 Need for a Paradigm Shift to Sustainability 16

1.5 Population Increase, Urbanization, and the Rise of Megalopolises 19

Waste Accumulation 23

Brief Outlook Toward the Future 23

1.6 What is a Sustainable Ecocity? 24

Impact of Global Warming and Continuing Overuse of Resources 28

The UN 2015 Resolution of Sustainability 28

2 The New Paradigm of Urban Water, Energy, and Resources Management 31

2.1 The Search for a New Paradigm 31

2.2 From Linear to Hybrid Urban Metabolism 33

Circular Economy 37

2.3 Urban Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Change 40

Engineering and Infrastructure Hazards and Disaster Resilience 42

Socioecological or Governance Resilience 48

3 Goals and Criteria of Urban Sustainability 51

3.1 Review of Existing Sustainability Criteria 51

LEED Criteria for Buildings and Subdivisions 53

Triple Net-Zero (TNZ) Goals 54

Water Footprint 56

GHG (Carbon Dioxide) Net-Zero Footprint Goal 58

Water/Energy Nexus 60

Ecological Footprint 60

3.2 Zero Solid Waste to Landfill Goal and Footprint 61

Landfill Gas (LFG) 64

Exporting Garbage 68

Swedish Recycling Revolution 68

3.3 Importance of Recycling versus Combusting or Landfilling 69

4 Origin of Hydrogen Energy, GHG Emissions, and Climatic Changes 73

4.1 Introduction to Energy 73

Energy Definitions and Units 73

Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) 76

4.2 Hydrogen Energy 79

Blue and Green Sources of Hydrogen on Earth 79

Hydrogen as a Source of Energy 84

Vision of Hydrogen Role in the (Near) Future 89

4.3 Carbon Dioxide Sequestering and Reuse 91

Stopping the Atmospheric CO2 Increase and Reversing the Trend 91

Sequestering CO2 93

Non-CCUS Reuse of Carbon Dioxide 96

Recycling 97

4.4 Solar and Wind Blue Power 98

Solar Power 98

Wind Power 103

Green and Blue Energy Storage 106

4.5 Food/Water/Energy/Climate Nexus 108

4.6 World and US Energy Outlook 110

5 Decentralized Hierarchical Urban Water, Used Water, Solids, and Energy Management Systems 117

5.1 Economy of Scale Dogma Forced Centralized Management 45 Years Ago 117

5.2 Distributed Building and Cluster Level Designs and Management 119

Cluster or Neighborhood Level Water and Energy Recovery 121

5.3 Flow Separation: Gray Water Reclamation and Reuse 126

Tap a Sewer, Keep the Liquid, and Sell the Solids 132

Integrated District Water and Energy Providing Loop 136

Energy Savings and GHG Reduction by Gray Water Reuse in Clusters 137

6 Biophilic Sustainable Landscape and Low Impact Development 141

6.1 Urban Nature and Biophilic Designs 141

Biophilic Designs 142

6.2 Low-Impact Development 144

Classification of LID (SUDS) Practices 149

6.3 Restoring, Daylighting, and Creating Urban Water Bodies 165

Stream Restoration 165

Waterscapes 169

Vertical Forests and Systems 170

6.4 Biophilic Urban Biomass Management and Carbon Sequestering 171

Lawns and Grass Clippings 172

Other Vegetation 172

7 Building Blocks of the Regional Integrated Resources Recovery Facility (IRRF) 175

7.1 Traditional Aerobic Treatment 175

GHG Emissions from Traditional Regional Water/Resources Recovery Facilities 178

7.2 Energy-Producing Treatment 179 <...