Venomous Animals and Their Venoms

Venomous Animals and their Venoms, Volume III: Venomous Invertebrates provides a comprehensive presentation of the entire field of the venomous members of the animal kingdom and chemistry and biochemistry of their venoms, including their pharmacological actions and antigenic properties.
This volume focuses on venomous invertebrates, such as insects, centipedes, spiders, scorpions, venomous mollusks, and marine animals.
Animals that possess at least one or more venom glands and mechanisms for excretion or extrusion of the venom, as well as apparatus with which to inflict wounds or inject the venomous substances are characterized in this book as "actively venomous , while creatures that have venom glands and venom-excreting ducts, but lack adequate apparatus for inflicting wounds or injecting venom, such as toads, frogs, and salamanders are identified as "passively venomous.
This publication is a valuable reference for physicians and veterinarians seeking information on the injuries caused by venomous animals.

Contenu

List of Contributors
Preface
Contents of Other Volumes
Introduction
Venomous Insects
Chapter 44. Morphology and Function of the Venom Apparatus of Insects-Bees, Wasps, Ants, and Caterpillars
I. Introduction
II. The Sting Apparatus of Aculeate Hymenoptera
III. The Urticating Hairs of Lepidopterous Larvae
References
Chapter 45. Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of Bee, Wasp, and Hornet Venoms
I. Introductory Remarks
II. Biochemistry and Pharmacology of Single Venom Constituents
III. Possible Hazards for Man and Their Prevention
References
Chapter 46. The Venomous Ants of the Genus Solenopsis
I. Introduction
II. Systematics
III. Biological Cycle of Solenopsis Saevissima Richten
References
Chapter 47. Pharmacological Studies on Caterpillar Venoms
I. Historical Data on Lepidopterism
II. Urticating Caterpillars
III. Venom Apparatus
IV. Pharmacology of Extracts from Caterpillar Setae
References
Chapter 48. Poisoning from Adult Moths and Caterpillars
I. Introduction
II. Lepidopterism
III. The Poisonous Lepidoptera
IV. Ecology
V. Symptomatology of Lepidopterism
VI. Prevention and Treatment of Lepidopterism
VII. Erucism
VIII. Poisonous Caterpillars
IX. Ecology
X. Symptomatology of Erucism
XI. Prevention and Treatment of Erucism
References
Chapter 49. Lepidopterism in Brazil
I. History
II. Species
III. Clinical Symptoms
IV. Pathology
V. Treatment
References
Venomous Centipedes, Spiders, and Scorpions
Chapter 50. Venomous Chilopods or Centipedes
I. Introduction
II. Description, Classification, Distribution, and Biology of Scolopendromorpha
III. Venom Apparatus and Toxicity of Scolopendromorph Venoms
References
Chapter 51. Spiders
I. Introduction
II. The Morphology of Spiders
III. The Classification of Venomous Spiders
IV. Description, Distribution, and Biology of Dangerous Species
V. Defense against Dangerous Spiders
VI. The Venom Apparatus of Spiders
VII. Extraction and Toxicity of Spider Venoms
References
Chapter 52. Phoneutria nigriventer Venom-Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Its Components
I. Crude Venom Pharmacology
II. Biochemistry of the Phoneutria nigriventer Venom
References
Chapter 53. Latrodectism in Mediterranean Countries, Including South Russia, Israel, and North Africa
I. Introduction and Symtomatology
II. Kinds of Latrodectus in Mediterranean Areas
III. History
IV. Epidemiology of Latrodectism
V. Spread of Latrodectism in Single Mediterranean Countries
VI. Folklore Treatment of Latrodectism in Mediterranean Areas
References
Chapter 54. Chemical and Pharmacological Properties of Tityus Venoms
I. Introduction
II. Toxicity and Symptoms of Intoxication
III. Chemistry of the Venoms
IV. Pharmacological Properties
V. Conclusion
References
Chapter 55. Classification, Biology, and Venom Extraction of Scorpions
I. Introduction
II. Morphology, Classification, and Distribution
III. Biology of Scorpions
IV. Extraction and Toxicity of Scorpion Venoms
References
Chapter 56. Scorpionism in the Old World
I. History
II. Geographic Distribution of Dangerous Scorpions
III. The Venom
IV. Experimental Study of Toxicity
V. Envenomation in Man
VI. Pathological Physiology
VII. Treatment
References
Venomous Mollusks
Chapter 57. Mollusks-Classification, Distribution, Venom Apparatus and Venoms, Symptomatology of Stings
I. Introduction
II. Poison Cone Shells
III. Octopuses
References
Venomous Coelenterates, Echinoderms, and Annelids
Chapter 58. Venomous Coeienterates: Hydroids, Jellyfishes, Corals, and Sea Anemones
I. Introduction
II. List of Representative Venomous Coeienterates
III. Nature of Coelenterate Venoms, Medical Aspects
References
Chapter 59. Venomous Echinoderms and Annelids: Starfishes, Sea Urchins, Sea Cucumbers, and Segmented Worms
I. Echinoderms
II. Venomous Annelids
References
Chapter 60. Animal Venoms in Therapy
I. Introduction
II. Snake Venoms
III. Toad Venoms
IV. Spider Venoms
V. Bee Venom
VI. Venom Combinations
VII. Appendix: Snake Venoms as Anticoagulants
References
Author Index
Subject Index