This book provides a critical and comprehensive analysis of the reconceptualization of preventive warfare in the 21st Century. It discusses how the US launched and fought some wars to prevent future vague threats and how that practice has fundamentally undermined the legal system and the main principles of the use of force, in ways that not only further US dominance but shield powerful actors from accountability. The US redefined key legal concepts to set up a new legal framework for preventive warfare and, consequently, introduced new practices for carrying out preventive military operations.

Drawing on a collection of case studies, on the changes in the jus ad bellum and jus in bello, focusing mainly on Afghanistan and Iraq and beyond, the book shows how violations of the law of war were persistently conducted in the 21st century by supposedly democratic countries who claimed to be upholding the law. It explores three types of preventive warfare - that is, preventive national self-defense, preventive on-the-spot reactions, and preventive "security" detention - to show how they blurred the line between civilians and legitimate military targets, and thus increased the risk of causing harm to civilians. The book speaks to students, scholars, and practitioners from the fields of criminology, law, international relations, political science, critical security studies, and critical military studies.

Vasja Badalic is a Senior Researcher at the Institute of Criminology at the Faculty of Law in Ljubljana, Slovenia. His primary fields of research are contemporary imperialism and migration. He is the author of four books, including The War Against Civilians: Victims of the "War on Terror" in Afghanistan and Pakistan. **Before entering the academic sector, Badalic worked as a freelance journalist, reporting for the Slovenian news media from the Middle East, Central Asia, South Asia, and Latin America.

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