Values, Political Action, and Change in the Middle East and the Arab Spring

Although many have tried, the spontaneity of the Arab Spring uprisings and the unpredictability of its diverse geographical outcomes have resisted explanation. For social scientists, part of the challenge has been how to effectively measure and analyze the empirical data, while another obstacle has been a lack of attention to the worldviews, value orientations, and long-term concerns from the people of the Middle East and North Africa. In order to meet these challenges head-on, Mansoor Moaddel and Michele J. Gelfand have assembled an international team of experts to explore and employ a new and diverse set of frameworks in order to explain the dynamics of cross-national variation, values, political engagement, morality, and development in these regions. To this end, the authors address a wide range of questions, such as: To what extent do recent events reflect changes in values among the Middle Eastern publics? Are youth uniformly more supportive of change than the rest of the population? To what extent are changes in values connected to changes in identities? How do we explain the process of change in the long term? As Moaddel and Gelfand remark in their book's introduction, "Our hope is that this collective effort will not only contribute to the development of the social sciences in the Middle East and North Africa, but also to practical political actions and public policies that serve social tolerance and harmony, peace, and economic prosperity for the people of the region."

Auteur

Mansoor Moaddel studies culture, ideology, political conflict, revolution, and social change. His current work focuses on the causes and consequences of human values. He has carried out values surveys in Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, and Turkey. His previous research project analyzed the determinants of ideological production in the Islamic world, in which he studies the rise of Islamic modernism in Egypt, India, and Iran in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; liberal nationalism in Egypt, anti-clerical secularism in Iran, liberal Arabism and pan-Arab nationalism in Syria and Iraq in the first half of the twentieth century; and Islamic fundamentalism in Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Jordan, and Syria in the second half of the twentieth century. Michele J. Gelfand is Professor of Psychology and Affiliate of the RH Smith School of Business and Distinguished University Scholar Teacher at the University of Maryland, College Park, and is an expert on culture and conflict. Her work has been published in outlets such as Science, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Academy of Management Review, Journal of Applied Psychology, Annual Review of Psychology, Psychological Science, the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, among others. She is the co-editor of The Handbook of Negotiation and Culture (with Jeanne Brett, Stanford University Press) and The Psychology of Conflict and Conflict Management in Organizations (with Carsten De Dreu, Erlbaum) and is the founding co-editor of the Advances in Culture and Psychology series and Frontiers of Culture and Psychology series (with CY Chiu and Ying-Yi Hong, Oxford University Press). Gelfand is the Past President of the International Association for Conflict Management, Past Division Chair of the Conflict Division of the Academy of Management, and Past Treasurer of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology.

Contenu

Introduction Mansoor Moaddel and Michele J. Gelfand SECTION I: Changes in Values and the Arab Spring Chapter 1. Changing Values in the Islamic World and the West: Social Tolerance and the Arab Spring Ronald F. Inglehart Chapter 2: Youth Perceptions and Values During the Arab Spring: Cross- national Variation and Trends Mansoor Moaddel and Julie de Jong SECTION II: Perspectives on Change: Development and Modernization Chapter 3: National Identity Versus National Pride in the Modalities of Liberal Territorial Nationalism and Islamic Nationalism in Muslim- Majority Countries Mansoor Moaddel Chapter 4: Modernization, World System, and Clash of Civilization Perspectives in Lay Views of the Development- Morality Nexus in the United States and the Middle East Arland Thornton, Kathryn M. Yount, Linda Young-DeMarco, and Mansoor Moaddel Chapter 5: Lay Accounts of "Modern" and "Traditional" Family in Greater Cairo: A Test of Developmental Models of Family Life Kathryn M. Yount, Arland Thornton, Sohair Mehanna, and Shilpa N. Patel SECTION III: Social- Scientific Perspectives on Collective Action, Political Engagement, and Voting Behavior Chapter 6: The Roots of Political Activism in Six Muslim- Majority Nations Nancy J. Davis, Robert V. Robinson, and Tom VanHeuvelen Chapter 7: The Arab Spring and Egyptian Revolution Makers: Predictors of Participation Mansoor Moaddel Chapter 8: Change and Continuity in Arab Attitudes toward Political Islam: The Impact of Political Transitions in Tunisia and Egypt from 2011 to 2013 Mark Tessler Chapter 9: Autocratic Recidivism: Computational Models of Why Revolutions Fail Andrzej Nowak, Michele J. Gelfand, Wojciech Borkowski, and Arie Kruglanski SECTION IV: Basic Methodological Issues in the Study of Values Chapter 10: Best Practices: Lessons from a Middle East Survey Research Program Julie de Jong and Linda Young-DeMarco Chapter 11: An Analysis of Subjective Culture in the Middle East: Lessons Learned from a Qualitative Research Program Janetta Lun, Michele J. Gelfand, C. Bayan Bruss, Lily Assad, Zeynep Aycan, Munqith M. Dagher, and Abdel-Hamid Abdel-Latif