This book is about lifelong ageing of humans. The basic biochemical and genetic mechanisms remain ill known, and differ among individuals. The book starts out to explore the plant and animal kingdoms to answer questions human ageing needs for understanding.

First, we come to scrutinize time running out and what 'normal' means with impacts on the genome and on protein half- lives and function. Ageing goes beyond biochemical skid treated by geroprotector drugs, including biosimilars; albeit early diagnosis with standard medical laboratory assays, here addressed, sheds light with focus on basic research. Modern tools, including machine learning, and DNA technology, e.g. genomics, have already provided for unanticipated insights. The chapters then turn around senescence of the entire organism based on variable ageing of single organs embedded in neuronal networks . Psychological stress factors, dementia opposed to vigilance, and distinction of ageing from overt disease arecontrasting in humans and are opposed in the book. Senescence, seen as a one way track may be reverted into rejuvenation, made possible by insights into immunosenescence and genomic approaches.

Risk management in health insurance finds important clues in this book. The topics addressed between the book covers help to understand the trend to the ever- prolonging life expectancy beyond the centenarian age group; nursing care takers and pharmaceutical industry are invited to understand what' is going on in senior people to make their geriatric population remain fit or become frail.

Auteur

Urs Nydeggr M. D. : Born in 1941 in Bern, Switzerland. For the Study of Medicine, he attended the University of Bern. In 2022, the author concludes a 12-year part-time engagement as a medical consultant for the Medical Laboratories Dr. Risch, a Liechtenstein-based enterprise dedicated to excellence in clinical laboratory testing. Nydegger helped to establish neglected reference intervals of lab tests for the elderly. Alumnus and Professor of the University of Bern, where he was Head of the Blood Bank (1985 - 2001) and Medical Research in the Cardiovascular Department (up to 2006). Clinical education: University Hospitals of Bern and Geneva; Boards of Internal Medicine FMH and Haematology FMH. An alumnus of Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, at the Robert B. Brigham Hospital (1976 - 1978). U. Nydeggers's scientific contributions peak with a Citation Classic on the detection of circulating immune complexes and with ABO-histo-blood type incompatible transplantation; the most frequently cited studies pertain to the biocompatibility of artificial organs.

Thomas Lung Dr. rer. nat.: Born in 1966 in Bregenz, Austria. Lung became interested in the study of senescence while at the University of Innsbruck, the Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences. Since then, he has worked in Switzerland as a Laboratory Manager for Clinical Immunology, FAMH, in two private med lab service institutions. He remained interested in reference intervals of med lab tests differing according to patients' age. The SENIORLABOR study brought his interest to projects sponsored by Dr. Risch Laboratories and attended, among others, by Nydegger. The results include several peer-reviewed original scientific reports with Lung as the first author. A large part of these papers, not always referenced in our book, take part as a basis for the relevance of senescence research in the booming field of laboratory medicine. When time permitsin his routine laboratory work, Lung has extensive engagement as a speaker in postgraduate teaching.