Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Internet of Things (IoT)

UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES FOR INTERNET OF THINGS

This comprehensive book deeply discusses the theoretical and technical issues of unmanned aerial vehicles for deployment by industries and civil authorities in Internet of Things (IoT) systems.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has become one of the rapidly growing areas of technology, with widespread applications covering various domains. UAVs play a very important role in delivering Internet of Things (IoT) services in small and low-power devices such as sensors, cameras, GPS receivers, etc. These devices are energy-constrained and are unable to communicate over long distances. The UAVs work dynamically for IoT applications in which they collect data and transmit it to other devices that are out of communication range. Furthermore, the benefits of the UAV include deployment at remote locations, the ability to carry flexible payloads, reprogrammability during tasks, and the ability to sense for anything from anywhere. Using IoT technologies, a UAV may be observed as a terminal device connected with the ubiquitous network, where many other UAVs are communicating, navigating, controlling, and surveilling in real time and beyond line-of-sight.

The aim of the 15 chapters in this book help to realize the full potential of UAVs for the IoT by addressing its numerous concepts, issues and challenges, and develops conceptual and technological solutions for handling them. Applications include such fields as disaster management, structural inspection, goods delivery, transportation, localization, mapping, pollution and radiation monitoring, search and rescue, farming, etc. In addition, the book covers:

• Efficient energy management systems in UAV-based IoT networks

• IoE enabled UAVs

• Mind-controlled UAV using Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)

• The importance of AI in realizing autonomous and intelligent flying IoT

• Blockchain-based solutions for various security issues in UAV-enabled IoT

• The challenges and threats of UAVs such as hijacking, privacy, cyber-security, and physical safety.

Audience: Researchers in computer science, Internet of Things (IoT), electronics engineering, as well as industries that use and deploy drones and other unmanned aerial vehicles.

Auteur

Vandana Mohindru PhD is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Mohali, Punjab, India. Her research interest are in the areas of Internet of Things, Wireless Sensor Networks, Security, Blockchain and Cryptography, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. She has published more than 20 technical research papers in leading journals and conferences.

Yashwant Singh PhD is an Associate Professor & Head in the Department of Computer Science & Information Technology at the Central University of Jammu. His research interests lie in the area of Internet of Things, Wireless Sensor Networks, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Cyber Security. He has published more than 70 research articles in the International Journals and Conferences.

Ravindara Bhatt PhD is an Assistant Professor at Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, H.P., India. He has over 20 years of experience in Academics and Industry in India. He has published more than 30 research papers in leading journals and conferences. His areas of research include Sensor networks: Deployment modeling, communication, and energy-efficient algorithms, Security and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.

Anuj Kumar Gupta PhD is Professor & Head in CSE at Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Mohali, Punjab, India. He has published 100+ research papers in reputed journals.

Texte du rabat

The 15 chapters in this book explore the theoretical as well as a number of technical research outcomes on all aspects of UAVs. UAVs has widely differing applications such as disaster management, structural inspection, goods delivery, transportation, localization, mapping, pollution and radiation monitoring, search and rescue, farming, etc. The advantages of using UAVs are countless and have led the way for the full integration of UAVs, as intelligent objects into the IoT system.

The book covers cover such subjects as:

• Efficient energy management systems in UAV based IoT networks
• IoE enabled UAVs
• Mind-controlled UAV using Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)
• The importance of AI in realizing autonomous and intelligent flying IoT
• Blockchain-based solutions for various security issues in UAV-enabled IoT
• The challenges and threats of UAVs such as hijacking, privacy, cyber-security, and physical safety.

Contenu

Preface xvii

1 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV): A Comprehensive Survey 1
*Rohit Chaurasia and Vandana Mohindru*

1.1 Introduction 2

1.2 Related Work 2

1.3 UAV Technology 3

1.3.1 UAV Platforms 3

1.3.1.1 Fixed-Wing Drones 3

1.3.1.2 Multi-Rotor Drones 4

1.3.1.3 Single-Rotor Drones 5

1.3.1.4 Fixed-Wing Hybrid VTOL 6

1.3.2 Categories of the Military Drones 6

1.3.3 How Drones Work 8

1.3.3.1 FirmwarePlatform Construction and Design 9

1.3.4 Comparison of Various Technologies 10

1.3.4.1 Drone Types & Sizes 10

1.3.4.2 Radar Positioning and Return to Home 10

1.3.4.3 GNSS on Ground Control Station 11

1.3.4.4 Collision Avoidance Technology and Obstacle Detection 11

1.3.4.5 Gyroscopic Stabilization, Flight Controllers and IMU 12

1.3.4.6 UAV Drone Propulsion System 12

1.3.4.7 Flight Parameters Through Telemetry 13

1.3.4.8 Drone Security & Hacking 13

1.3.4.9 3D Maps and Models With Drone Sensors 13

1.3.5 UAV Communication Network 15

1.3.5.1 Classification on the Basis of Spectrum Perspective 15

1.3.5.2 Various Types of Radio communication Links 16

1.3.5.3 VLOS (Visual Line-of-Sight) and BLOS (Beyond Line-of-Sight) Communication in Unmanned Aircraft System 18

1.3.5.4 Frequency Bands for the Operation of UAS 19

1.3.5.5 Cellular Technology for UAS Operation 19

1.4 Application of UAV 21

1.4.1 In Military 21

1.4.2 In Geomorphological Mapping and Other Similar Sectors 22

1.4.3 In Agriculture 22

1.5 UAV Challenges 23

1.6 Conclusion and Future Scope 24

References 24

2 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: State-of-the-Art, Challenges and Future Scope 29
*Jolly Parikh and Anuradha Basu*

2.1 Introduction 30

2.2 Technical Challenges 30

2.2.1 Variations in Channel Characteristics 32

2.2.2 UAV-Assisted Cellular Network Planning and Provisioning 33

2.2.3 Millimeter Wave Cellular Connected UAVs 34

2.2.4 Deployment of UAV 35

2.2.5 Trajectory Optimization 36

2.2.6 On-Board Energy 37

2.3 Conclusion 37

References 37

3 Battery and Energy Management in UAV-Based Networks 43
*Santosh Kumar, Amol Vasudeva and Manu Sood*

3.1 Introduction 43

3.2 The Need for Energy Management in UAV-Based Communication Networks 45

3.2.1 Unpredictable Trajectories of UAVs in Cellular UAV Networks 46

3.2.2 Non-Homogeneous Power Consumption 47

3.2.3 High Bandwidth Requirement/Low Spectrum Availability/Spectrum Scarcity 47

3.2.4 Short-Range Line-of-Sight Communication 48

3.2.5 Time Constraint (Time-Limited Spectrum Access) 48

3.2.6 Energy Constraint 49

3.2.7 The Joint Design for the Sensor Nodes' Wake-Up Schedule and the UAV's Trajectory (Data Collection) 49

3.3 Efficient Battery and Energy Management Proposed Techniques in Literature 50

3.3.1 Cognitive Radio (CR)-Based UAV Communication to Solve Spectrum Congestion 51

3.3.2 Compressed Sensing 52

3.3.3 Power Allocation and Position Optimization 53

3.3.4 Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) 53

3.3.5 Wireless Charging/Power Transfer (WPT) 54

3.3.6 UAV Trajectory Design Using a Reinforcement Learning Framework in a Decentralized Manner 55

3.3.7 Efficient Deployment and Movement of UAVs 55

3.3.8 3D Position Optimization Mixed With Resource Allocation to Overcome Spectr…