Translational Neuroscience

Translational research looks to take the latest innovations made in
the laboratory setting to translate findings into effective and
sustainable medical interventions and improved preventative
measures. Funding support is increasingly tied to practical
healthcare outcomes, with this trend likely only to increase in
coming years, Translational Neuroscience: A Guide to a
Successful Program, is a timely guide to developing research
programs that bring translational advances to the forefront.

Translational Neuroscience provides practical information
from scientists with first-hand experience in developing a
cutting-edge translational facility. The book opens with chapters
that provide guidance to organizing a center for translational
science. Chapters look at topics ranging from mentoring and career
planning for clinician scientists to improving the design of core
facilities and addressing infrastructure needs. The second half of
the book provides valuable case studies of translational
neuroscience in action, with examples ranging from using to
transcranial magnetic stimulation to studies on drug abuse and
telemedicine applications. The final chapter looks to the future of
basic science research, how academic health centers can be
reorganized, and how future generations of translational
neuroscientists can be trained.

Translational Neuroscience provides a blueprint to
developing an innovative and successful translational research
program. Deans, department chairs, academic health center
administrators, and researchers will find this guide useful for
drafting programs in translational research and avoiding costly
pitfalls. While grounded in examples from basic neuroscience
research, this book will be a useful tool to all scientists looking
to develop centers of translational science across research
disciplines.

Auteur
Edgar Garcia-Rill is Professor of Anatomy and Psychiatry at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. His research interests include sleep disorders, schizophrenia, depression, PTSD, and aches Neuroscience spinal cord injury. Dr. Garcia-Rill is also Director of the Center for Translational Neuroscience, a didivision of division of the Department of Neurobiology & Dev. Sci. and a research arm of the Jackson T. Stephens Spine & Neuroscience Institute, at which novel treatments for the treatment of spinal cord injury are are being developed under the Spinal Cord Injury Mobilization Program.

Résumé
Translational research looks to take the latest innovations made in the laboratory setting to translate findings into effective and sustainable medical interventions and improved preventative measures. Funding support is increasingly tied to practical healthcare outcomes, with this trend likely only to increase in coming years, Translational Neuroscience: A Guide to a Successful Program, is a timely guide to developing research programs that bring translational advances to the forefront. Translational Neuroscience provides practical information from scientists with first-hand experience in developing a cutting-edge translational facility. The book opens with chapters that provide guidance to organizing a center for translational science. Chapters look at topics ranging from mentoring and career planning for clinician scientists to improving the design of core facilities and addressing infrastructure needs. The second half of the book provides valuable case studies of translational neuroscience in action, with examples ranging from using to transcranial magnetic stimulation to studies on drug abuse and telemedicine applications. The final chapter looks to the future of basic science research, how academic health centers can be reorganized, and how future generations of translational neuroscientists can be trained.

Translational Neuroscience provides a blueprint to developing an innovative and successful translational research program. Deans, department chairs, academic health center administrators, and researchers will find this guide useful for drafting programs in translational research and avoiding costly pitfalls. While grounded in examples from basic neuroscience research, this book will be a useful tool to all scientists looking to develop centers of translational science across research disciplines.

Contenu

Contributors xi

Preface xiii

Acknowledgments xv

1 A Brief History of Translational Neuroscience 1
*Edgar Garcia-Rill*

Some recent history 1

Funding translational research 3

Lack of funding 4

Making NIH funding more equitable and efficient 6

How much funding is needed? 7

Medical research funding in Europe 10

References 13

2 Mentoring in Translational Neuroscience 15
*Edgar Garcia-Rill*

T1 blocks 15

T2 blocks 20

References 27

3 Core Facilities for Translational Neuroscience 29
*Edgar Garcia-Rill*

Designing translational neuroscience core facilities 31

Preattentional measurethe P50 potential 33

Attentional measurespsychomotor vigilance 35

Frontal lobe blood flow measures 36

References 42

4 Translational Studies Using TMS 43
*Mark Mennemeier, Christine Sheffer, Abdallah Hayar, and Roger Buchanan*

Overview 43

Introduction 44

Development of a sham stimulation technique for humans 45

PET-guided TMS studies of tinnitus perception 46

TMS investigations of decision-making in tobacco addiction 50

TMS investigations in rodents 54

Conclusion 61

References 61

5 Translational Studies in Drug Abuse 67
*Veronica Bisagno, William E. Fantegrossi, and Francisco J. Urbano*

Background and significance 67

Behavioral Core Facility 70

Voltage-sensitive dye imaging 75

Intravenous drug self-administration 75

References 79

6 Electrophysiology in Translational Neuroscience 83
*Edgar Garcia-Rill*

In vivo and in vitro animal models 83

Modafinil 84

Patch clamp recordings 85

Gamma band activity 86

Population responses 88

Preconscious awareness 89

Magnetoencephalography, the Cadillac of human electrophysiology 91

References 94

7 Translational Research on Spinal Cord Injury 97
*Charlotte Yates and Kevin Garrison*

Electrophysiological approach: H-reflex frequency-dependent depression 98

Biomechanical approach: windup of the stretch reflex 100

Interventions: passive exercise 101

Interventions: pharmacology (L-Dopa, Modafinil) 105

Conclusions 106

References 106

8 Translational Research in Neonatology 109
*Richard Whit Hall*

Introduction 109

The need for neonatal research 110

The building blocks: basic research 110

Pups to babies and back again: T1 Research 111

No problem can be solved unless it is first identified 112

From the bedside to the community: T2 research 113

The role of comparative effectiveness research 116

Barriers and rewards in translational research in neonatology 118

Opportunities for translational research in neonatology 119

Conclusion 119

References 120

9 Telemedicine in Translational Neuroscience 123
*Amy Ballard and Richard Whit Hall*

History of telemedicine 124

Enabling access to care 125

Telemedicine Core Facility 126

Neonatal intensive care 129

Emergency departments 131

Conclusion 132

References 132

10 Implications for the Future 135
*Edgar Garcia-Rill*

Fragmented infrastructure 135

Incompatible databases 136

The benefits of translational research 138

The reshaping of basic science departments 139

References 142

Index 145