RF Linear Accelerators

Dieses einschlägige Lehrbuch, entwickelt auf der Grundlage der Ausbildung an der US Particle Accelerator School, schließt eine Lücke in der verfügbaren Literatur zum Thema Hochfrequenz-Linearbeschleuniger, kurz RF-Linac. Nach einer Erläuterung der naturwissenschaftlichen Grundlagen und der neuesten technologischen Eckdaten stellt diese zweite Auflage neueste RF-Linacs, spezialisierte Systeme, Systeme mit Supraleitern und verschiedene Spezialverfahren vor. Übungsaufgaben an den Kapitelenden erleichtern das Einprägen und das Nacharbeiten von Vorlesungen.

Auteur
Thomas P. Wangler received his B.S. degree in physics from Michigan State University, and his Ph.D. degree in physics and astronomy from the University of Wisconsin. After postdoctoral appointments at the University of Wisconsin and Brookhaven National Laboratory, he joined the staff of Argonne National Laboratory in 1966, working in the fields of experimental high-energy physics and accelerator physics. He joined the Accelerator Technology Division at Los Alamos National Laboratory in 1979, where he specialized in high-current beam physics and linear accelerator design and technology. In 2007 he joined the faculty at Michigan State University, where he holds a joint appointment as Professor of Physics at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory and in the Department of Physics and Astronomy. Dr. Wangler is a Los Alamos National Laboratory Fellow and a Fellow of the American Physical Society.

Résumé
Borne out of twentieth-century science and technology, the field of RF (radio frequency) linear accelerators has made significant contributions to basic research, energy, medicine, and national defense. As we advance into the twenty-first century, the linac field has been undergoing rapid development as the demand for its many applications, emphasizing high-energy, high-intensity, and high-brightness output beams, continues to grow. RF Linear Accelerators is a textbook that is based on a US Particle Accelerator School graduate-level course that fills the need for a single introductory source on linear accelerators. The text provides the scientific principles and up-to-date technological aspects for both electron and ion linacs. This second edition has been completely revised and expanded to include examples of modern RF linacs, special linacs and special techniques as well as superconducting linacs. In addition, problem sets at the end of each chapter supplement the material covered. The book serves as a must-have reference for professionals interested in beam physics and accelerator technology.

Contenu

Preface to the Second Edition xi

Preface to the First Edition xiii

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Linear Accelerators: Historical Perspective 2

1.2 Linac Structures 6

1.3 Linac Beam Dynamics 10

1.4 Multiparticle Effects 12

1.5 Applications of Modern RF Linacs 13

1.6 Accelerator-Physics Units, Unit Conversions, and Physical Constants 15

1.7 Useful Relativistic Mechanics Relationships 16

1.8 Maxwell's Equations 17

1.9 Conducting Walls 19

1.10 Group Velocity and Energy Velocity 20

1.11 Coaxial Resonator 22

1.12 Transverse-Magnetic Mode of a Circular Cylindrical Cavity 24

1.13 Cylindrical Resonator Transverse-Magnetic Modes 26

1.14 Cylindrical Resonator Transverse Electric Modes 27

References 30

2 RF Acceleration in Linacs 32

2.1 Particle Acceleration in an RF Field 32

2.2 Energy Gain on Axis in an RF Gap 33

2.3 Longitudinal Electric Field as a Fourier Integral 36

2.4 Transit-Time-Factor Models 39

2.5 Power and Acceleration Efficiency Figures of Merit 42

2.6 Cavity Design Issues 44

2.7 Frequency Scaling of Cavity Parameters 46

2.8 Linac Economics 47

References 52

3 Periodic Accelerating Structures 53

3.1 Synchronous Acceleration and Periodic Structures 53

3.2 Floquet Theorem and Space Harmonics 54

3.3 General Description of Periodic Structures 57

3.4 Equivalent Circuit Model for Periodic Structures 59

3.5 Periodic Array of Low-Pass Filters 61

3.6 Periodic Array of Electrically Coupled Circuits 62

3.7 Periodic Array of Magnetically Coupled Circuits 63

3.8 Periodic Array of Cavities with Resonant Coupling Element 64

3.9 Measurement of Dispersion Curves in Periodic Structures 65

3.10 Traveling-Wave Linac Structures 68

3.11 Analysis of the Periodic Iris-Loaded Waveguide 69

3.12 Constant-Impedance Traveling-Wave Structure 72

3.13 Constant-Gradient Structure 74

3.14 Characteristics of Normal Modes for Particle Acceleration 76

3.15 Physics Regimes of Traveling-Wave and Standing-Wave Structures 79

References 81

4 Standard Linac Structures 83

4.1 Independent-Cavity Linacs 83

4.2 Wideröe Linac 87

4.3 H-Mode Structures 89

4.4 Alvarez Drift-Tube Linac 91

4.5 Design of Drift-Tube Linacs 96

4.6 Coupled-Cavity Linacs 98

4.7 Three Coupled Oscillators 99

4.8 Perturbation Theory and Effects of Resonant-Frequency Errors 101

4.9 Effects from Ohmic Power Dissipation 103

4.10 General Problem of N + 1 Coupled Oscillators 105

4.11 Biperiodic Structures for Linacs 108

4.12 Design of Coupled-Cavity Linacs 111

4.13 Intercell Coupling Constant 114

4.14 Decoupling of Cavities Connected by a Beam Pipe 116

4.15 Resonant Coupling 117

4.16 Accelerating Structures for Superconducting Linacs 121

/4 Superconducting Structures 121

/2 Superconducting Structures 121

TM Superconducting Structures 122

RF Properties and Scaling Laws for TM and /2 Superconducting Structures 125

Shunt Impedance for TM and /2 Superconducting Structures 127

Stored Energy for TM and /2 Superconducting Structures 129

Scaling Formulas for /4 Superconducting Structures 131

References 133

5 Microwave Topics for Linacs 135

5.1 Shunt Resonant Circuit Model 135

5.2 Theory of Resonant Cavities 137

5.3 Coupling to Cavities 138

5.4 Equivalent Circuit for a Resonant-Cavity System 139

5.5 Equivalent Circuit for a Cavity Coupled to two Waveguides 144

5.6 Transient Behavior of a Resonant-Cavity System 146

5.7 Wave Description of a Waveguide-to-Cavity Coupling 148

5.8 Microwave Power Systems for Linacs 156 ...