Chemistry with Inorganic Qualitative Analysis is a textbook that describes the application of the principles of equilibrium represented in qualitative analysis and the properties of ions arising from the reactions of the analysis. This book reviews the chemistry of inorganic substances as the science of matter, the units of measure used, atoms, atomic structure, thermochemistry, nuclear chemistry, molecules, and ions in action. This text also describes the chemical bonds, the representative elements, the changes of state, water and the hydrosphere (which also covers water pollution and water purification). Water purification occurs in nature through the usual water cycle and by the action of microorganisms. The air flushes dissolved gases and volatile pollutants; when water seeps through the soil, it filters solids as they settle in the bottom of placid lakes. Microorganisms break down large organic molecules containing mostly carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, or phosphorus into harmless molecules and ions. This text notes that natural purification occurs if the level of contaminants is not so excessive. This textbook is suitable for both chemistry teachers and students.

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Preface to Chemistry with Inorganic Qualitative Analysis Preface to Chemistry 1 Chemistry: The Science of Matter Science and matter 1.1 Science 1.2 States and Properties of Matter 1.3 Kinds of Matter Chemistry: The Science of Matter 1.4 Chemistry 1.5 Subdivisions of chemistry Units of Measure; Problem Solving 1.6 Systems of Measurement 1.7 Length 1.8 Volume 1.9 Mass vs. Weight 1.10 Heat 1.11 Temperature 1.12 The factor-Dimensional Method of Calculation Chemistry and the future Thoughts on Chemistry: Spaceship Earth 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Chemistry: Where to Begin? 2.1 What is An Atom? An Aside: Toward the Atomic Theory through History 2.2 Atoms and Mass in Chemical Combination 2.3 The Symbols for the Elements 2.4 Molecules and Ions 2.5 Formulas for Chemical Compounds An Aside: The Names of the Elements 3 The Gaseous State The Nature of Gases 3.1 General Properties of Gases An Aside: Priestly, Lavoisier, and the Phlogiston Theory 3.2 Units of Pressure 3.3 Measuring Pressure 3.4 Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases 3.5 Ideal vs. Real Gases Volume, Pressure, and Temperature Relationships 3.6 Volume vs. Pressure: Boyle's Law 3.7 Volume vs. Temperature: Charles' Law 3.8 Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) 3.9 P, V, and T Changes in a Fixed Amount of Gas Mass, Molecular, and Molar Relationships 3.10 Combining Volumes of Gases: Gay-Lussac's Law 3.11 Equal Volumes of Gases: Avogadro's Law 3.12 Molar Volume 3.13 Ideal Gas Law 3.14 Weight, Density, and Molecular Weight Relationships 3.15 Pressure in Gas Mixtures: Dalton's Law 3.16 Effusion and Diffusion: Graham's Laws Nonideal gases 3.17 Deviations from the Gas Laws Thoughts on Chemistry: On the Constitution of Bodies 4 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions in Action: Stoichiometry Reactions and Equations 4.1 Chemical Equations 4.2 Balancing Chemical Equations 4.3 Reaction Conditions 4.4 Ionic Reactions and Ionic Equations 4.5 Information from Chemical Equations: Stoichiometry Important Types of Reactions 4.6 Reversible Reactions and Chemical Equilibrium 4.7 Water, A Slightly Ionized Liquid 4.8 Acids and Bases: H+ and OH- 4.9 Neutralization 4.10 Equivalent Weight and Normality for Acids and Bases 4.11 Oxidation State 4.12 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Thoughts on Chemistry: Stoichiometry 5 Thermochemistry Heat 5.1 Heat and Heat Capacity and Changes of State 5.2 Heat in Chemical Reactions Enthalpy 5.3 Enthalpy Defined 5.4 Standard Enthalpies Tools of Chemistry: The Calorimeter 5.5 Using Enthalpies 5.6 Hess' Law 5.7 H°r from H°f 5.8 Other Useful Enthalpies Thoughts on Chemistry: Early Observations on Changes of State 6 The Atmosphere The Atmosphere and the Air 6.1 Functions of the Atmosphere 6.2 Pressure of the Atmosphere 6.3 Composition of the Air 6.4 Liquefaction and Distillation of Air 6.5 Regions of the Atmosphere Air Pollution 6.6 Pollutants and their Sources 6.7 Carbon Monoxide 6.8 Hydrocarbons 6.9 Nitrogen Oxides 6.10 Sulfur Oxides 6.11 Particulates The Noble Gases 6.12 Discovery of the Noble Gases 6.13 Properties of the Noble Gases 6.14 Preparation and Uses of the Noble Gases Thoughts on Chemistry: The Laws of Ecology 7 Atomic Structure Particles 7.2 Electricity and Matter 7.3 Electrons 7.4 Protons 7.5 a-Particles 7.6 Neutrons The Nucleus and Nuclear Arithmetic 7.7 Rutherford's Atomic Model: The Nuclear Atom 7.8 Atomic Numbers and X-ray Spectra Tools of Chemistry: Electromagnetic Radiation and Spectra 7.9 The Nucleus: Mass Number and Atomic Number 7.10 Isotopes and Atomic Weight Tools of Chemistry: Mass Spectrometer Quantum Theory and the Atom 7.11 The Role of the Electron 7.12 Waves as Particles-Particles as Waves: Quantum Theory 7.13 Atomic Spectra 7.14 Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom 7.15 Wave-Mechanical Model of the Atom 7.16 Orbitals and Quantum Numbers 7.17 Picturing Orbitals Electrons and the Periodic Table 7.18 Electronic Configurations 7.19 The Modern Periodic Table Thoughts on Chemistry: Quantum Behavior 8 Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Stability and Instability 8.1 The Nucleus 8.2 Nuclear Binding Energy 8.3 Radioactivity 8.4 Isotopes 8.5 Neutron-proton Ratio 8.6 Half-life 8.7 Cosmic Abundance and Nuclear Stability Nuclear Reactions 8.8 Writing Equations for Nuclear Reactions 8.9 Decay 8.10 a Decay 8.11 ß Decay 8.12 Radiation and Matter 8.13 Natural Radioactive Series An Aside: Uses of Radioisotopes 8.14 Bombardment 8.15 Nuclear Fission An Aside: The Atomic Bomb 8.16 Nuclear Fusion Nuclear Energy 8.17 Light Water Reactors An Aside: Nature's Nuclear Reactor 8.18 Breeder Reactors 8.19 Fusion Reactors Thoughts on Chemistry: The Atomic Age Begins 9 The Chemical Bond Some Definitions 9.1 Definition of the Chemical Bond 9.2 Valence Electrons and Lewis Symbols 9.3 Noble Gases and the Stable Octet 9.4 Types of Chemical Bonds An Aside: Noble Gas Compounds The Metallic Bond 9.5 Configuration and Bonding in Metals Imparted by the Metallic Bond 9.6 Properties The Ionic Bond 9.7 Configurations of Ions 9.8 Properties Imparted by the Ionic Bond The Covalent Bond 9.9 Configuration in Covalent Bonding 9.10 Multiple Covalent Bonds 9.11 Coordinate Covalent Bonds 9.12 Unpaired Electrons 9.13 Resonance 9.14 Polyatomic Ions 9.15 Writing Lewis Formulas for Covalent Species 9.16 Polar Covalent Bonds and Electronegativity 9.17 Dipole Moment 9.18 Properties Imparted by the Covalent Bond 9.19 Network Covalent Substances Intermolecular Forces 9.20 Dipole-dipole Forces 9.22 London Force 9.21 Hydrogen Bond Properties of Bonds 9.23 The Continua of Bond Types 9.24 Bond Strength and Bond Length 9.25 Atomic and Ionic Radii 9.26 Molecular Geometry: Valence-shell Electron-pair Repulsion Theory Thoughts on Chemistry: Chemical Bond Definitions 10 Periodic Perspective: The Representative Elements Types of Representative Elements 10.1 Nonmetals 10.2 Metals 10.3 Semiconducting Elements Properties of Atoms and Ions 10.4 Atomic and Ionic Radii 10.5 Ionization Energies 10.6 Electron Affinities 10.7 Electronegativity 10.8 Electronegativity and Oxidation State Compound Formation 10.9 Energy Relationships Group Trends 10.10 Hydrogen 10.11 Representative Group I (the alkali metals) 10.12 Representative Group II (the alkaline earth metals) 10.13 Representative Group III 10.14 Representative Group IV 10.15 Representative Group V 10.16 Representative Group VI 10.17 Representative Group VII (the halogens) Thoughts on Chemistry: The Grim Silence of Facts 11 Hydrogen and Oxygen 11.1 Origin and Abundance of Hydrogen and Oxygen Hydrogen 11.2 Properties of Hydrogen 11.3 Isotopes of Hydrogen 11.4 Reactions of Hydrogen 11.5 Electromotive Series 11.6 Preparation and Uses of Hydrogen 11.7 Hydrogen as a Fuel 11.8 Binary Compounds of Hydrogen Oxygen 11.9 Properties of Oxygen 11.10 Reactions of oxygen 11.11 Preparation and uses of Oxygen 11.12 Ozone 11.13 Binary Com…