Philosophical Elements of a Theory of Society

As an exile in America during the War, Theodor Adorno grew acquainted with the fundamentals of empirical social research, something which would shape the work he undertook in the early 1950s as co-director of the Frankfurt Institute for Social Research. Yet he also became increasingly aware of the 'fetishism of method' in sociology, and saw the serious limitations of theoretical work based solely on empirical findings. In this lecture course given in 1964, Adorno develops a critique of both sociology and philosophy, emphasizing that theoretical work requires a specific mediation between the two disciplines. Adorno advocates a philosophical approach to social theory that challenges the drive towards uniformity and a lack of ambiguity, highlighting instead the fruitfulness of experience, in all its messy complexity, for critical social analysis. At the same time, he shows how philosophy must also realise that it requires sociology if it is to avoid falling for the old idealistic illusion that the totality of real conditions can be grasped through thought alone. Masterfully bringing together philosophical and empirical approaches to an understanding of society, these lectures from one of the most important social thinkers of the 20th century will be of great interest to students and scholars in philosophy, sociology and the social sciences generally.

Auteur
Theodor W. Adorno (1903-1969), a prominent member of the Frankfurt School, was one of the most influential thinkers of the 20th century in the areas of social theory, philosophy and aesthetics.

Contenu
Editors' Foreword LECTURE 1 Philosophy and sociology as scientific disciplines Reflection and theory Tasks of the lecture Provisional conception of a theory of society The crisis of theoretical thought; positivism Weber's relationship to theory Weber's concept of 'understanding' Weber's concept of 'rationality' Bureaucracy and domination Dialectics; theoretical aspects of atheoretical thinking LECTURE 2 Facts and theory Concretion and overcoming of the factual Critique of the classificatory logic of positivism The relationship between natural sciences and social sciences, nature and society The anti-theoretical character of sociology Hypothesis formulation and insight The necessity of reflection; Darmstadt community studies Theory formation presupposes a consideration of discontinuity; The status of facts within the complexion of society as a whole LECTURE 3 Ibsen's Hedda Gabler; Registering facts and productive imagination The concept of tendency Capitalist calculus The exchange relationship Tendency and prophecy; The new as the core of theory The non-identical in theory Theory and dynamics of society Tendency and totality Social reality and theory LECTURE 4 Tendency and trend Dependence of theory on its object; Distrust towards theory formation Theory as a unified system of society; Liberalism, Marxism, German Idealism System as tendency Modifications of 'market society' as results of class struggles Monopolizing tendency of capital; State interventionism as a crisis outlet Integration of the proletariat LECTURE 5 Announcement of a lecture by Lucien Goldmann on 'Marxism and contemporary society' Problems of theory formation; 'Work Climate' study The system-immanence of the proletariat Class consciousness and integration Ideology and experience: The phenomenon of personalization Insight into society in theoretical thought System-immanent consciousness Politics as an aspect of ideology The meaning of changes in reality and consciousness; concretism LECTURE 6 The difficulty of theory formation Concretism as an expression of powerlessness; 'Levelled middle-class society' Exchange value as a source of pleasure The meaning of concretism for labour organizations The transformation of Marxian theory into state religion Abstractism Accusation of the bourgeoisification of the proletariat Everyday class struggle LECTURE 7 Everyday class struggle The politics of small steps The dual character of the workers' realism; The consequences of mechanization The dominance of conditions Wage satisfaction Subjectivism in sociological research Communication research; The semblance of freedom in the exchange principle Subjective experiences of the semblance of levelling Supply and demand of labour LECTURE 8 The thin crust of integrated society Nuanced thinking The shift of social pressure Changes in nominalism and epistemology Improvements within the work process Loss of unambiguity; Social theory between dogmatic ossification and naïve faith in facts Semblance of integration and increasing socialization Disintegration; Rationalization and the reality principle The function of the system; Antagonism of power and powerlessness: Disintegration through growing integration Integration and powerlessness False identity of the general and the particular LECTURE 9 The relationship between economy and power The negative unity of society in general unfreedom The culture industry and analysis of ideologies Positivism as a manifestation of ideology The concept of the 'human being' and the 'jargon of authenticity'; ideology critique and language critique The mythologization of antagonisms in socialist countries The dialectic and rupture of theory and experience Loss of experience Theory as system and non-system; The irrationality and rationality of society; Weber's theory of science LECTURE 10 Contradictory object and contradiction-free theory; Rationality and irrationality Changes in the concept of reason The whole, in its rationality, is irrational Dialectical theory Critique of undialectical thought Critique of unified sociology and the fetishization of science The historical change in the function of science; Openness as a key concept Functional change in the concept of science: Leibniz, Fichte, Hegel, Kant The equation of science with truth The danger of intuit...