The Young Spinoza

Ex nihilo nihil fit. Philosophy, especially great philosophy, does not appear out of the blue. In the current volume, a team of top scholars-both up-and-coming and established-attempts to trace the philosophical development of one of the greatest philosophers of all time. Featuring twenty new essays and an introduction, it is the first attempt of its kind in English and its appearance coincides with the recent surge of interest in Spinoza in Anglo-American philosophy. Spinoza's fame-or notoriety-is due primarily to his posthumously published magnum opus, the Ethics, and, to a lesser extent, to the 1670 Theological-Political Treatise. Few readers take the time to study his early works carefully. If they do, they are likely to encounter some surprising claims, which often diverge from, or even utterly contradict, the doctrines of the Ethics. Consider just a few of these assertions: that God acts from absolute freedom of will, that God is a whole, that there are no modes in God, that extension is divisible and hence cannot be an attribute of God, and that the intellectual and corporeal substances are modes in relation to God. Yet, though these claims reveal some tension between the early works and the Ethics, there is also a clear continuity between them. Spinoza wrote the Ethics over a long period of time, which spanned most of his philosophical career. The dates of the early drafts of the Ethics seem to overlap with the assumed dates of the composition of the Treatise on the Emendation of the Intellect and the Short Treatise on God, Man, and His Well Being and precede the publication of Spinoza's 1663 book on Descartes' Principles of Philosophy. For this reason, a study of Spinoza's early works (and correspondence) can illuminate the nature of the problems Spinoza addresses in the Ethics, insofar as the views expressed in the early works help us reconstruct the development and genealogy of the Ethics. Indeed, if we keep in mind the common dictum ?nothing comes from nothing?-which Spinoza frequently cites and appeals to-it is clear that great works like the Ethics do not appear ex nihilo. In light of the preeminence and majesty of the Ethics, it is difficult to study the early works without having the Ethics in sight. Still, we would venture to say that the value of Spinoza's early works is not at all limited to their being stations on the road leading to the Ethics. A teleological attitude of such a sort would celebrate the works of the ?mature Spinoza? at the expense of the early works. However, we have no reason to assume that on all issues the views of the Ethics are better argued, developed, and motivated than those of the early works. In other words, we should keep our minds open to the possibility that on some issues the early works might contain better analysis and argumentation than the Ethics.

Auteur

Yitzhak Y. Melamed is a Professor of Philosophy at Johns Hopkins University. He is the author of Spinoza's Metaphysics (OUP, 2013), and co-editor of Spinoza's Theological Political Treatise: A Critical Guide (2011), and of Spinoza and German Idealism ( 2012).

Contenu

Contributors Abbreviations Introduction 1 Spinoza's Lost Defense Edwin Curley 2 Fictio / Verziering (e) in Spinoza's Early Writings Filippo Mignini 3 The Problem of True Ideas in Spinoza's Treatise on the Emendation of the Intellect Alan Nelson 4 Truth in Spinoza's Treatise on the Emendation of the Intellect John Morrison 5 Spinoza's Rules of Living Michael LeBuffe 6 Leibniz on Spinoza's Tractatus de Intellectus Emendatione Mogens Laerke 7 Spinoza's Cartesian Dualism in the Korte Verhandeling Daniel Garber 8 Reason in the Short Treatise Colin Marshall 9 Spinoza's Calvin: Reformed Theology in the Korte Verhandeling Russ Leo 10 Spinoza, the Will, and the Ontology of Power John Carriero 11 Spinoza's Essentialism in the Short Treatise Valtteri Viljanen 12 When was Spinoza not Young any More? Frédéric Manzini 13 Spinoza on Eternity and Duration: the 1663 Connection Tad M. Schmaltz 14 Spinoza on Negation, Mind-Dependence and the Reality of the Finite Karlolina Hübner 15 Temporalities and Kinds of Cognition in the Treatise on the Emendation of the Intellect, the Short Treatise, and the Ethics Oded Schechter 16 Spinoza's Early Anti-Abstractionism Samuel Newlands 17 A Glimpse into Spinoza's Metaphysical Laboratory: The Development of the Concepts of Substance and Attribute Yitzhak Y. Melamed 18 From the Passive to the Active Intellect Ursula Renz 19 Degrees of Essence and Perfection in Spinoza John Brandau 20 The Young Spinoza and the Vatican Manuscript of Spinoza's Ethics Pina Totaro Bibliography Index