The Oxford Handbook of Stigma, Discrimination, and Health

Stigma leads to poorer health. Edited by Brenda Major, John F. Dovidio, and Bruce G. Link, The Oxford Handbook of Stigma, Discrimination, and Health provides compelling evidence from various disciplines in support of this thesis and explains how and why health disparities exist and persist. Stigmatization involves distinguishing people by a socially conferred "mark," seeing them as deviant, and devaluing and socially excluding them. The core insight of this book is that the social processes of stigma reliably translate into the biology of disease and death. Contributors elucidate this insight by showing exactly how stigma negatively affects health and creates health disparities through multiple mechanisms operating at different levels of influence. Understanding the causes and consequences of health disparities requires a multi-level analysis that considers structural forces, psychological processes, and biological mechanisms. This volume's unique multidisciplinary approach brings together social and health psychologists, sociologists, public health scholars, and medical ethicists to comprehensively assess stigma's impact on health. It goes beyond the common practice of studying one stigmatized group at a time to examine the stigma-health link across multiple stigmatized groups. This broad, multidisciplinary framework not only illuminates the significant effects stigma has when aggregated across the health of many groups but also increases understanding of which stigma processes are general across groups and which are particular to specific groups. Here, a compendium of leading international experts point readers toward potential policy responses and possibilities for intervention as well as to the large gaps in understanding that remain. This book is the definitive source of scholarship on stigma and physical health for established and emerging scholars, practitioners, and students in psychology, sociology, public health, medicine, law, political science, geography, and the allied disciplines.

Auteur

Brenda Major received her Ph.D. from Purdue University in 1998. She is currently a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Her scholarship focuses on the social psychology of stigma and inequality. Her research interests include the psychological and physiological impact of prejudice and discrimination, how cultural ideologies shape entitlement and reactions to social inequality, the social and psychological impact of increasing ethnic diversity, and the psychology of resilience. John F. (Jack) Dovidio, who received his Ph.D. from the University of Delaware in 1977, is currently the Carl Iver Hovland Professor of Psychology and Public Health, as well as Dean of Academic Affairs of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, at Yale University. His research interests are in stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination; social power and nonverbal communication; and altruism and helping. His scholarship focuses on understanding the dynamics of intergroup relations and ways to reduce intergroup bias and conflict. Bruce Link is Professor of Epidemiology at Columbia University. His interests are centered on topics in psychiatric and social epidemiology as they bear on policy issues. He has written on the connection between socioeconomic status and health, homelessness, violence, stigma, and discrimination. With Jo Phelan, he has advanced the theory of social conditions as fundamental causes of disease. Currently he is conducting research on the life course origins of health inequalities by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status, the consequences of social stigma for the life chances of people who are subject to stigma, and on evaluating intervention efforts aimed at reducing mental illness stigma in children attending middle school.

Contenu

Preface Section I. Background Chapter 1: Stigma and Its Implications for Health: Introduction and Overview Brenda Major, John F. Dovidio, Bruce G. Link, and Sarah K. Calabrese Chapter 2: Physical Health Disparities and Stigma: Race, Sexual Orientation, and Body Weight John F. Dovidio, Louis A. Penner, Sarah K. Calabrese and Rebecca L. Pearl Chapter 3: Stigma as a Fundamental Cause of Health Inequality Bruce G. Link, Jo C. Phelan and Mark L. Hatzenbuehler Chapter 4: Power, Status, and Stigma: Their Implications for Health Jeff Lucas, Hsiang-Yuan Ho and Kristin Kerns Chapter 5: Stigma, Social Identity Threat and Health Brenda Major and Toni Schmader Chapter 6: Structural Stigma and Health Mark L. Hatzenbuehler Section II. Pathways from Stigma to Health Chapter 7: Discriminating Ecologies: A Life History Approach to Stigma and Health Steven L. Neuberg and Andreana C. Kenrick Chapter 8: Segregation, Stigma, and Stratification: A Biosocial Model Douglas S. Massey and Brandon Wagner Chapter 9: Racial Discrimination and Racial Disparities in Health Naomi Priest and David R. Williams Chapter 10: Patient Stigma, Medical Interactions, and Healthcare Disparities: A Selective Review Louis A. Penner, Sean M. Phelan, Valerie Earnshaw, Terrance L. Albrecht, and John F. Dovidio Chapter 11: Interpersonal Discrimination and Physical Health Laura Smart Richman, Elizabeth Pascoe, and Micah Lattanner Chapter 12: Biopsychosocial Mechanisms Linking Discrimination to Health: A Focus on Social Cognition Elizabeth Brondolo, Irene V. Blair, and Amandeep Kaur Chapter 13: Neural and Cardiovascular Pathways from Stigma to Suboptimal Health Belle Derks and Daan Scheepers Chapter 14: Affective Reactions as Mediators of the Relationship between Stigma and Health Wendy Berry Mendes and Keely A. Muscatell Section III. Moderators of the Stigma-Health Relationship Chapter 15: When Stigma is Concealable: The Costs and Benefits for Health Diane M. Quinn Chapter 16: Social Identity, Stigma and Health Jolanda Jetten, S. Alexander Haslam, Tegan Cruwys and Nyla R. Branscombe Chapter 17: Social Stigma and Health: An Identity-Based Motivation Perspective Daphna Oyserman and Oliver Fisher Chapter 18: Parenting as a Buffer that Deters Discrimination and Race-Related Stressors from"Getting Under the Skin": Theories, Findings, and Future Directions Allen W. Barton and Gene H. Brody Chapter 19: Perceived Racial Discrimination and Health Behavior: Mediation and Moderation Frederick X. Gibbons and Michelle L. Stock Chapter 20: Stigma, Health, and Individual Differences Rodolfo Mendoza-Denton and Jordan B. Leitner Section IV. Anti-Stigma Interventions Chapter 21: Getting Underneath the Power of "Contact": Revisiting the Fundamental Lever of Stigma as a Social Network Phenomenon Bernice A. Pescosolido and Bianca Manago Chapter 22: Reducing Physical Illness Stigma: Insights from the Mental Illness Arena Patrick W. Corrigan, Andrea B. Bink, and Annie Schmidt Chapter 23: Public Health with a Punch: Fear, Stigma, and Hard-Hitting Media Campaigns Amy Fairchild and Ron Bayer Chapter 24: Public Health and Social Justice: An Argument Against Stigma as a Tool of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Erika Blacksher Section V. Bi-directional Processes in Stigma and Health Chapter 25: Stigma and the"Social Epidemic" of HIV: Understanding Bi-Directional Mechanisms of Risk and Resilience Stephenie R. Chaudoir and Jeffrey D. Fisher Chapter 26: Sexual Minority Stigma and Health John E. Pachankis and David J. Lick Chapter 27: The Negative and Bi-Directional Effects of Weight Stigma on Health Brenda Major, A. Janet Tomiyama and Jeffrey M. Hunger Chapter 28: Mental and Physical Health Consequences of the Stigma Associated with Mental Illness Bruce G. Link, Jo C. Phelan and Greer Sullivan