The Oxford Handbook of Compassion Science

How do we define compassion? Is it an emotional state, a motivation, a dispositional trait, or a cultivated attitude? How does it compare to altruism and empathy? Chapters in this Handbook present critical scientific evidence about compassion in numerous conceptions. All of these approaches to thinking about compassion are valid and contribute importantly to understanding how we respond to others who are suffering. Covering multiple levels of our lives and self-concept, from the individual, to the group, to the organization and culture, The Oxford Handbook of Compassion Science gathers evidence and models of compassion that treat the subject of compassion science with careful scientific scrutiny and concern. It explores the motivators of compassion, the effect on physiology, the co-occurrence of wellbeing, and compassion training interventions. Sectioned by thematic approaches, it pulls together basic and clinical research ranging across neurobiological, developmental, evolutionary, social, clinical, and applied areas in psychology such as business and education. In this sense, it comprises one of the first multidisciplinary and systematic approaches to examining compassion from multiple perspectives and frames of reference. With contributions from well-established scholars as well as young rising stars in the field, this Handbook bridges a wide variety of diverse perspectives, research methodologies, and theory, and provides a foundation for this new and rapidly growing field. It should be of great value to the new generation of basic and applied researchers examining compassion, and serve as a catalyst for academic researchers and students to support and develop the modern world.

Auteur

Emma M. Seppälä, PhD, is Science Director of the Center for Compassion and Altruism Research and Education (CCARE) at Stanford University School of Medicine and Co-Director of the Yale College Emotional Intelligence Project at the Yale Center for Emotional Intelligence. She is the author of The Happiness Track: How to Apply the Science of Happiness to Accelerate Your Success (2016). Emiliana Simon-Thomas, PhD, is the Science Director at UC Berkeley's Greater Good Science Center (GGSC). Among other initiatives, she runs the GGSC Research Fellowship program and co-instructs GG101x: The Science of Happiness. Stephanie L. Brown, PhD, is an Associate Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Stony Brook University. She was the lead editor on the edited volume Moving Beyond Self-Interest: Perspectives from Evolutionary Biology, Neuroscience, and the Social Sciences (OUP 2011). Monica C. Worline, PhD, is a research scientist at the Center for Compassion and Altruism Research and Education and Executive Director of CompassionLab. She is also the founder and CEO of EnlivenWork. Daryl Cameron, PhD, is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychology and the Rock Ethics Institute at Penn State University. James R. Doty, MD, is the founder and director of the Center for Compassion and Altruism Research and Education. He is a professor in the Department of Neurosurgery at Stanford University School of Medicine and the New York Times bestselling author of Into the Magic Shop: A Neurosurgeon's Quest to Discover the Mysteries of the Brain and the Secrets of the Heart (2016).

Contenu

Preface James R. Doty Part One: Introduction Chapter 1: The Landscape of Compassion: Definitions and Scientific Approaches Jennifer L. Goetz and Emiliana Simon-Thomas Chapter 2: Compassion in Context: Tracing the Buddhist Roots of Secular, Compassion-Based Contemplative Programs Brooke D. Lavelle Chapter 3: The Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis: What and So What? C. Daniel Batson Chapter 4: Is Global Compassion Achievable? Paul Ekman and Eve Ekman Part Two: Developmental Approaches Chapter 5: Compassion in Children Tracy L. Spinrad and Nancy Eisenberg Chapter 6: Parental Brain: The Crucible of Compassion James E. Swain and S. Shaun Ho Chapter 7: Adult Attachment and Compassion: Normative and Individual Difference Components Mario Mikulincer and Phillip R. Shaver Chapter 8: Compassion-Focused Parenting James N. Kirby Part Three: Psychophysiological and Biological Approaches Chapter 9: The Compassionate Brain Olga M. Klimecki and Tania Singer Chapter 10: Two Factors that Fuel Compassion: The Oxytocin System and the Social Experience of Moral Elevation Sarina Rodrigues Saturn Chapter 11: The Impact of Compassion Meditation Training on the Brain and Prosocial Behavior Helen Y. Weng, Brianna Schuyler, and Richard J. Davidson Chapter 12: Cultural neuroscience of compassion and empathy Joan Y. Chiao Chapter 13: Compassionate Neurobiology and Health Stephanie L. Brown and R. Michael Brown Chapter 14: The Roots of Compassion: An Evolutionary and Neurobiological Perspective C. Sue Carter, Inbal Ben-Ami Bartal, and Eric C. Porges Chapter 15: Vagal pathways: Portals to Compassion Stephen W. Porges Part Four: Compassion Interventions Chapter 16: Empathy Building Interventions: A Review of Existing Work and Suggestions for Future Directions Erika Weisz and Jamil Zaki Chapter 17: Studies of Training Compassion: What Have We Learned, What Remains Unknown? Alea C. Skwara, Brandon G. King, and Clifford D. Saron Chapter 18: The Compassion Cultivation Training (CCT) Program Philippe R. Goldin and Hooria Jazaieri Chapter 19: From Specific to General: The Biological Effects of Cognitively-Based Compassion Training Jennifer Mascaro, Lobsang Tenzin Negi, and Charles L. Raison Part Five: Social Psychological and Sociological Approaches Chapter 20: Compassion Collapse: Why We Are Numb to Numbers C. Daryl Cameron Chapter 21: The Cultural Shaping of Compassion Birgit Koopman-Holm and Jeanne L. Tsai Chapter 22: Enhancing compassion: Social psychological perspectives Paul Condon and David DeSteno Chapter 23: Empathy, compassion, and social relationships Mark H. Davis Chapter 24: The Class-Compassion Gap: How Socioeconomic Factors Influence Compassion Paul K. Piff and Jake P. Moskowitz Chapter 25: Changes Over Time in Compassion-Related Variables in the United States Sasha Zarins and Sara Konrath Chapter 26: To Help or Not to Help: Goal Commitment and the Goodness of Compassion Michael J. Poulin Part Six: Clinical Approaches Chapter 27: Self-Compassion and Psychological Well-being Kristin Neff and Christopher Germer Chapter 28: Compassion Fatigue Resilience Charles R. Figley and Kathleen Regan Figley Chapter 29: Compassion Fears, Blocks and Resistances: An Evolutionary Investigation Paul Gilbert and Jennifer Mascaro Part Seven: Applied Compassion Chapter 30: Organizational Compassion: Manifestations Through Organizations Kim Cameron Chapter 31: How Leaders Shape Compassion Processes in Organizations Monica C. Worline and Jane E. Dutton Chapter 32: Compassion in Healthcare Sue Shea and Christos Lionis Chapter 33: A Call for Compassion and Care in Education: Toward a More Comprehensive ProSocial Framework for the Field Brooke D. Lavelle, Lisa Flook, and Dara G. Ghahremani Chapter 34: Heroism: Social Transformation Through Compassion in Action Philip G. Zimbardo, Emma Seppälä, and Zeno Franco Chapter 35: Social Dominance and Leadership: The mediational effect of Compassion Daniel Martin and Yotam Heineberg Index