The Lake Charr Salvelinus namaycush: Biology, Ecology, Distribution, and Management

The lake charr Salvelinus namaycush is a ubiquitous member of cold-water lake ecosystems in previously glaciated regions of northern continental U.S., Alaska, and Canada that often support important commercial, recreational, and subsistence fisheries. The lake charr differs from other charrs by its large size, longevity, iteroparity, top-predator specialization, reduced sexual dimorphism, prevalence of lacustrine spawning, and use of deepwater habitat. The species is remarkably variable in phenotype, physiology, and life history, some of which is reflected in its ecology and genetics, with as many as four morphs or ecotypes co-occurring in a single lake. The lake charr is often the top predator in these systems, but is highly adaptable trophically, and is frequently planktivorous in small lakes. The lake charr by their name highlights their common habitat, lakes both large and small, but often frequents rivers and occasionally moves into the Arctic Ocean. Movement andbehaviour of lake charr are motivated by access to cool, well-oxygenated water, foraging opportunities, predator avoidance, and reproduction. Owing to their broad distribution and trophic level, the lake charr serves as a sentinel of anthropogenic change. This volume will provide an up-to-date summary of what is currently known about lake charr from distribution to genetics to physiology to ecology. The book provides a compilation and synthesis of available information on the lake charr, beginning with an updated distribution and a revised treatment of the paleoecology of the species. Understanding of ecological and genetic diversity and movement and behaviour of the species has advanced remarkably since the last major synthesis on the species over 40 years ago. Mid-sections of the book provide detailed accounts of the biology and life history of the species, and later sections are devoted to threats to conservation and fishery management practices used to ensure sustainability. A new standard lake charr-specific terminology is also presented. The book will be a valuable reference text for biologists around the world, ecologists, and fishery managers, and of interest to the angling public.

Auteur
Dr. Andrew Muir is Science Director for the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, a treaty organization formed by the 1955 Convention on Great Lakes Fisheries between Canada and the United States. He is responsible for administering fishery and sea lamprey research programs and a science transfer program throughout the Great Lakes Basin. He earned a Ph.D. in Fisheries Science from Purdue University (2008) and an M.Sc. (2004) and B.Sc. (2000) in Zoology from the University of Guelph. His current research is focused on the patterns and processes generating and maintaining diversity in deepwater food webs of North American large lakes, invasive species, and ecological connectivity. He has been fortunate to work with a number of great scientists, sampling and experiencing lake charr throughout their distribution, including the Mackenzie Great Lakes of the Northwest Territories.
Michael Hansen recently retired from the US Geological Survey, Hammond Bay Biological Station, where he served as supervisor and research fishery biologist. He previously held positions in fishery science and management at the University of WisconsinStevens Point (19962013), US Fish & Wildlife Service, Great Lakes Science Center (19901996), Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Fisheries Management (19841990), and EA Engineering, Science & Technology (19811984). He earned a PhD from Michigan State University (1994), MS from Cornell University (1983), and BS from the University of WisconsinStevens Point (1979). He has published extensively on the management and ecology of lake charr, among his 135 journal articles, book chapters, and agency publications.

Stephen Riley recently retired from the U. S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center in Ann Arbor, Michigan, where he served as a research fishery biologist. Stephen earned a B.Sc. (1984) and M.Sc. (1986) in Biology from the University of Waterloo and a Ph.D. in Fishery and Wildlife Biology from Colorado State University (1992). He has conducted research on salmonid ecology and management throughout North America.

Dr. Charles Chuck Krueger is the T.F. Waters Professor of Aquatic Ecology and Conservation at Michigan State University, and former Director of the Great Lakes Acoustic Telemetry Observation System. In addition, he has worked for the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Great Lakes Fishery Commission, and Cornell University. He is keenly interested in discovering the ecological characteristics of fish species of conservation concern and linking those results to their restoration, conservation, and wise use in fisheries. The discovery process is made through a variety of disciplines including investigating morphology, trophic ecology, behavior, and population genetics.

Résumé

The lake charr Salvelinus namaycush is a ubiquitous member of cold-water lake ecosystems in previously glaciated regions of northern continental U.S., Alaska, and Canada that often support important commercial, recreational, and subsistence fisheries. The lake charr differs from other charrs by its large size, longevity, iteroparity, top-predator specialization, reduced sexual dimorphism, prevalence of lacustrine spawning, and use of deepwater habitat. The species is remarkably variable in phenotype, physiology, and life history, some of which is reflected in its ecology and genetics, with as many as four morphs or ecotypes co-occurring in a single lake. The lake charr is often the top predator in these systems, but is highly adaptable trophically, and is frequently planktivorous in small lakes. The lake charr by their name highlights their common habitat, lakes both large and small, but often frequents rivers and occasionally moves into the Arctic Ocean. Movement and behaviour of lake charr are motivated by access to cool, well-oxygenated water, foraging opportunities, predator avoidance, and reproduction. Owing to their broad distribution and trophic level, the lake charr serves as a sentinel of anthropogenic change. This volume will provide an up-to-date summary of what is currently known about lake charr from distribution to genetics to physiology to ecology. The book provides a compilation and synthesis of available information on the lake charr, beginning with an updated distribution and a revised treatment of the paleoecology of the species. Understanding of ecological and genetic diversity and movement and behaviour of the species has advanced remarkably since the last major synthesis on the species over 40 years ago. Mid-sections of the book provide detailed accounts of the biology and life history of the species, and later sections are devoted to threats to conservation and fishery management practices used to ensure sustainability. A new standard lake charr-specific terminology is also presented. The book will be a valuable reference text for biologists around the world, ecologists, and fishery managers, and of interest to the angling public.

Contenu

Chapter 1: Introduction. The Lake Charr: Biology, Ecology, Distribution, and Management.Chapter 2: Distribution

Chapter 3: Paleoecology

Chapter 4: Ecological Diversity

Chapter 5: Genetic Diversity

Chapter 6: Habitat Chapter 7: Movement Ecology and Behavior

Chapter 8: Life History and Population Dynamics

Chapter 9: Trophic Ecology

Chapter 10: Reproduction

Chapter 11: Contaminants and Ecotoxicology

Chapter 12: A General, Life History Based Model for Sustainable Exploitation of Lake Charr across their Range

Chapter 13: Terminology Issues in Lake Charr Early Development