The Catecholamines in Psychiatric and Neurologic Disorders

The Catecholamines in Psychiatric and Neurologic Disorders focuses on the contributions of catecholamines (CA) in the modulation of blood pressure, stress and exercise, body movements, memory, learning, emotions, thought processing, appetite, and mediation of psychotropic drug action.

The selection first elaborates on the techniques for the assessment and interpretation of catecholamine measurements in neuropsychiatric patients and catecholaminergic response to stress and exercise. Discussions focus on noradrenergic response to isometric exercise, isotonic exercise, effect of acceleration on sympathetic activity, techniques for sympathetic nervous system evaluation, and measurements of CA and their metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid.

The text then takes a look at urinary CA in behavioral research on stress; CA in anxiety disorders and mitral valve prolapse; and interaction with neurotransmitters in normal subjects and in patients with selected neurologic diseases. The selection examines noradrenergic responses in postural hypotension, norepinephrine, alcohol, and alcoholism, and catecholamine metabolism in anorexia nervosa. Topics include cerebral catecholamine metabolism in anorexia nervosa; central nervous system norepinephrine and voluntary alcohol drinking; and overview of norepinephrine in selected pediatric disorders.

The book is a dependable reference for neuropsychiatrists and readers interested in the contributions of catecholamines on psychiatric disorders.

Contenu

Contributing Authors
Foreword
Preface

1. Techniques for the Assessment and Interpretation of Catecholamine Measurements in Neuropsychiatric Patients
   Catecholamine Assay Techniques
   Techniques for Sympathetic Nervous System Evaluation
   Conjugated Catecholamines
   The Neurologic Basis for Changes in Plasma Catecholamines
   Measurements of Catecholamines and Their Metabolites in Cerebrospinal Fluid
   Cerebrospinal Fluid Catecholamines in Some Neuropsychiatric Diseases
   I. Stress
2. The Catecholaminergic Response to Stress and Exercise
   Age and Sympathetic Activity
   Blood Sampling
   Effect of Acceleration on Sympathetic Activity
   Sympathetic Response to Acceleration Greater than 1G
   The Noradrenergic Response to Isometric Exercise
   Isotonic Exercise
   Conclusions
3. Urinary Catecholamines in Behavioral Research on Stress
   Relationship Between Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
   Methodologic Aspects of Catecholamine Assessment
   Consistency in Catecholamine Excretion
   Factors Affecting Catecholamine Excretion
   Catecholamines and Health
   Clinical Application
   Conclusions
   II. Neuropsychiatric Disorders
4. Catecholamines in Anxiety Disorders and Mitral Valve Prolapse
   Catecholamines in Anxiety Disorders
   Mitral Valve Prolapse
   Conclusions
5. Central Catecholamine Systems: Interaction with Neurotransmitters in Normal Subjects and in Patients with Selected Neurologic Diseases
   Neurotransmitters Related to Norepinephrine in the Basal Ganglia
   Epinephrine Systems
   Dopamine Systems
   Interaction of Dopamine and Norepinephrine
   Striatonigral Pathways
   Serotonin Cells
   Peptide Neurons
   Neurochemical Changes in Clinical Conditions
   Conclusions
6. Noradrenergic Responses in Postural Hypotension: Implications for Therapy
   Mechanisms of Postural Blood Pressure Maintenance
   Diagnosis of the Systemic Defect Causing Postural Hypotension
   Postural Hypotension in Diabetics
   Therapy of Postural Hypotension
   Approach to the Patient with Postural Hypotension
7. Norepinephrine, Alcohol, and Alcoholism
   Effects of Alcohol on Brain Norepinephrine
   Human Studies
   Central Nervous System Norepinephrine and Voluntary Alcohol Drinking
   Conclusions
8. Catecholamine Metabolism in Anorexia Nervosa
   Peripheral Catecholamine Metabolism in Anorexia Nervosa
   Cerebral Catecholamine Metabolism in Anorexia Nervosa
   Conclusions
   III. Pediatric Disorders and the Catecholamines
9. Overview of Norepinephrine in Selected Pediatric Disorders
   Childhood Schizophrenia and Infantile Autism
   Childhood Enuresis
   Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome
   Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
   Juvenile Diabetes
   Dystonia Musculorum Deformans
   Familial Dysautonomia
   Duchenne Type Muscular Dystrophy
   Cystic Fibrosis
   Reye's Syndrome
   Down's Syndrome
   Migraine
10. Catecholamine Metabolism in Hyperactive Children
    Direct Biochemical Studies
    Pharmacokinetic-Behavioral Studies
    Pharmacologie, Clinical, and Biochemical Responses
    Future Directions
    IV. Affective Disorders and the Catecholamines
11. Norepinephrine in the Affective Disorders: Classic Biochemical Approaches
    Methodologic Issues
    Clinical Studies Antedating Measures of Norepinephrine
    Clinical Studies of Norepinephrine
    Conclusions
12. Norepinephrine in the Affective Disorders: Receptor Assessment Strategies
    Methodologies
    Tissue Receptor Studies
    Challenge Strategies
    Implications of Receptor Studies for Models of Noradrenergic Regulation in the Affective Disorders
    Noradrenergic Receptor Changes Accompanying Antidepressant Treatment
    Conclusions
13. Parkinsonism and Depression: Dopaminergic Mediation of Neuropathologic Processes in Human Beings
    Mood Modulation by Drugs That Alter Central Dopamine Activity
    Parkinson's Disease: Biochemistry and Treatment
    Cognitive Function Modified by Depression, Parkinsonism, and Dopamine Agonists
    Conclusions
    V. Schizophrenia and the Catecholamines
14. Studies of Norepinephrine in Schizophrenia
    Biochemistry
    Pharmacology
    Conclusions
15. Studies of the Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia
    Presynaptic Dopaminergic Mechanisms
    Postsynaptic Dopaminergic Mechanisms
    Conclusions
    Glossary
    Index