The Biological Chemistry of Nickel

Metal ions play key roles in biology. Many are essential for catalysis, for electron transfer and for the fixation, sensing, and metabolism of gases. Others compete with those essential metal ions or have toxic or pharmacological effects.

This book is structured around the periodic table and focuses on the control of metal ions in cells. It addresses the molecular aspects of binding, transport and storage that ensure balanced levels of the essential elements. Organisms have also developed mechanisms to deal with the non-essential metal ions. However, through new uses and manufacturing processes, organisms are increasingly exposed to changing levels of both essential and non-essential ions in new chemical forms. They may not have developed defenses against some of these forms (such as nanoparticles).

Many diseases such as cancer, diabetes and neurodegeneration are associated with metal ion imbalance. There may be a deficiency of the essential metals, overload of either essential or non-essential metals or perturbation of the overall natural balance.

This book is the first to comprehensively survey the molecular nature of the overall natural balance of metal ions in nutrition, toxicology and pharmacology. It is written as an introduction to research for students and researchers in academia and industry and begins with a chapter by Professor R J P Williams FRS.

Résumé
An essential text for biochemists, biologists and medicinal chemists, this book provides a comprehensive review of the latest findings in nickel biology, covering the function, biochemistry, toxicology and medical applications of nickel systems.

Contenu

Introduction to the Biological Chemistry of Nickel; Oceanic Nickel Biogeochemistry and the Evolution of Nickel Use; Nickel Toxicity and Carcinogenesis; Nickel Binding Sites - Coordination Modes and Thermodynamics; Urease; Crystallographic Analyses of the Active Site Chemistry and Oxygen Sensitivity of [NiFe(Se)]-Hydrogenases; One-Carbon Chemistry of Nickel-Containing Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase and Acetyl-CoA Synthase; Biochemistry of Methyl-Coenzyme M Reductase; Reinventing the Wheel: The NiSOD Story; Nickel Glyoxalase I; Lactate Racemase and Its Niacin-Derived, Covalently-Tethered, Nickel Cofactor; Nickel in Microbial Physiology - from Single Proteins to Complex Trafficking Systems: Nickel Import/Export; Nickel Regulation; Nickel Metallochaperones: Structure, Function, and Nickel-Binding Properties; Cross-Talk Between Nickel and Other Metals in Microbial Systems; Nickel and Virulence in Bacterial Pathogens; Application of Ni(II)-Binding Proteins