Synthetic Cathinones

Over the last decade a rapidly increasing number of novel psychoactive substance (NPSs), often marketed as "designer drugs", "legal highs", "herbal highs", "research or intermediate chemicals" and "laboratory reagents", has appeared on the drug market worldwide in an effort to bypass controlled substance legislation. NPSs encompass a wide range of different compounds and drug classes but had been dominated by synthetic cannabinomimetics and psychostimulatory synthetic cathinones, so-called b-keto amphetamines. Compounds from the later class were first detected in Europe in 2004, and since that time more than 130 new cathinones have been identified and reported to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. The rapid and extensive worldwide rise of synthetic cathinone abuse is attracting increasing attention, due to many intoxications and overdose deaths.

Auteur
Jolanta Zawilska is Professor at the Academy of Sciences in Lodz, Poland and Chief of the Chronobiology lab at the Centre for Medical Biology. Dr. Zawilska obtained her PhD in Pharmacology at the Medical University of Lodz. She has over 35 years of experience in pharmacology/pharmacodynamics and chronobiology. She has written numerous publications and has received awards in recognition of her research.

Résumé

Over the last decade, and particularly during the recent five years, a rapidly increasing number of novel psychoactive substance (NPSs), often marketed as designer drugs, legal highs, herbal highs, research or intermediate chemicals and laboratory reagents, has appeared on the drug market in an effort to bypass controlled substance legislation. NPSs encompass a wide range of different compounds and drug classes but had been dominated by synthetic cannabinomimetics and psychostimulatory synthetic cathinones, so-called -keto amphetamines. Compounds from the later class were first detected in Europe in 2004, and since then 103 new cathinones have been identified and reported to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, with 57 during the last two years.

Synthetic cathinones novel addictive and stimulatory psychoactive substances is the first publication of this kind that provides readers with background on chemical structures, detection, prevalence and motivation of use of the very popular group of NPSs. This book also presents comprehensive overview of the mechanisms of action, pharmacological activity, and main metabolic pathways of synthetic cathinones, followed by a detailed discussion of the acute and chronic toxicity associated with the use of these substances. Written by international experts in the field, this multi-authored book is a valuable reference not only for scientists, clinicians and academics, but also for readers representing different professional background who are involved in educational-prophylactic activities directed to harm reduction of psychoactive compounds.

Contenu

1. Introduction Richard M. Kostrzewa and Trevor Archer

2. Novel psychoactive substances: classification and general information Jolanta B. Zawilska and Jakub Wojcieszak (confirmed).

3. Khat a natural precursor of synthetic cathinones - Nilesh B. Patel (confirmed) 4. Analytical techniques for the detection of synthetic cathinones and their metabolites Piotr Adamowicz and Dariusz Zuba (confirmed).

5. Metabolism of synthetic cathinones - Kei Zaitsu (confirmed).

6. Monoamine transporter and receptor interaction profiles of synthetic cathinones: Linda Simmler (confirmed).

7. Effects of synthetic cathinones on brain neurotransmitters Krystyna Goembiowska and Katarzyna Kamiska (confirmed).

8. Behavioral profile of actions of synthetic cathinones Scott Rawls (confirmed).

9. Prevalence and motivation for use of synthetic catinones Marie-Claire Van Hout (confirmed).

10. The effects and risks associated with synthetic cathinones use in humans Lauren Karila (confirmed).

11. Concluding remarks Jolanta B. Zawilska