Surface Modification of Nanoparticle and Natural Fiber Fillers

A review of the various methodologies for the surface treatment of different types of inorganic spherical and fibrous fillers, describing ball milling, cationic polymerization, vapor phase grafting, plasma treatment and UV irradiation in detail. In addition, the book connects the resulting composite properties to the modified filler surface properties, thus allowing for a purposeful, application-oriented composite design.

Auteur
Vikas Mittal is an Assistant Professor at the Chemical Engineering Department of The Petroleum Institute, Abu Dhabi. He obtained his PhD in 2006 in Polymer and Materials Engineering from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland. Later, he worked as Materials Scientist in the Active and Intelligent Coatings section of SunChemical in London, UK and as Polymer Engineer at BASF Polymer Research in Ludwigshafen, Germany. His research interests include polymer nanocomposites, novel filler surface modifications, thermal stability enhancements, polymer latexes with functionalized surfaces etc. He has authored over 40 scientific publications, book chapters and patents on these subjects.

Texte du rabat

The book series 'Polymer Nano-, Micro- and Macrocomposites' provides complete and comprehensive information on all important aspects of polymer composite research and development, including, but not limited to synthesis, filler modification, modeling, characterization as well as application and commercialization issues. Each book focuses on a particular topic and gives a balanced in-depth overview of the respective subfield of polymer composite science and its relation to industrial applications. With the books the readers obtain dedicated resources with information relevant to their research, thereby helping to save time and money.

This book reviews some of the various methodologies for the surface treatment of different types of inorganic spherical and fibrous fillers, describing ball milling, cationic polymerization, vapor phase grafting, plasma treatment and UV irradiation in detail. In addition, the book connects the resulting composite properties to the modified filler surface properties, thus allowing for a purposeful, application-oriented composite design.

Contenu

Preface IX

List of Contributors XI

1 Surface Modification of Nanomaterials for Application in Polymer Nanocomposites: An Overview 1
Muthukumaraswamy Rangaraj Vengatesan and VikasMittal

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Types of Nanomaterials 2

1.2.1 Zero-Dimensional (0D) Nanomaterial 2

1.2.2 One-Dimensional (1D) Nanomaterials 2

1.2.3 Two-Dimensional (2D) Nanomaterials 3

1.2.4 Three-Dimensional (3D) Nanomaterials 3

1.3 Synthetic Methodologies of Nanomaterials 3

1.4 Surface Modification of Nanomaterials and Their Advantages in Polymer Composites 3

1.4.1 Silane Grafting 3

1.4.2 Polymer Grafting 6

1.4.3 Surface Modification of Nanomaterials Using Surfactants 9

1.5 Method for the Incorporation of Nanomaterials in a Polymer Matrix 10

1.5.1 SolGel Method 10

1.5.2 Blending Method 11

1.5.2.1 Solution Blending Method 11

1.5.2.2 Melt Blending 13

1.5.3 In Situ Polymerization 13

1.6 Influence of Surface-Modified Nanomaterials on the Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites 14

1.6.1 Thermal and Flame-Retardant Properties 14

1.6.2 Mechanical Properties 16

1.6.3 Electrical Properties 19

1.7 Conclusion 21

Abbreviations 22

References 22

2 Surface Modification of Boron Carbide for Improved Adhesion to an Epoxy Matrix 29
David D. Rodrigues and James G. Broughton

2.1 Introduction 29

2.2 Powder Synthesis 30

2.3 Ceramic Components 31

2.4 Composites 32

2.5 Native Surface Chemistry 35

2.6 Silane Surface Modification 37

2.7 Silane-Treated Boron Carbide 40

2.7.1 Surface Free Energy of BC 40

2.7.2 Wettability of the Adhesive on the BC Surface 41

2.7.3 Surface Chemistry of BC Surfaces 43

2.7.4 Silane Layer on BC Surface 49

2.7.5 Silane Layer Coverage 50

2.7.6 Adhesion at Particle/Adhesive Matrix Interface 51

2.8 Proposed Mechanism for the Silane Treatment of BC Surface 52

2.9 Summary 53

References 54

3 Surface Modification of Hydroxyapatite for Bone Tissue Engineering 61
Junchao Wei, Lan Liao, Jianxun Ding, Xiuli Zhuang, and Xuesi Chen

3.1 Introduction 61

3.2 Surface Modification of HA 62

3.2.1 Grafting OntoMethod 62

3.2.1.1 Condensation Reaction 62

3.2.1.2 Click Reaction 63

3.2.2 Grafting From Approach 64

3.2.2.1 Ring-Opening Polymerization (ROP) 65

3.2.2.2 Radical Polymerization 69

3.2.3 Other Techniques 73

3.3 Applications for Bone Tissue Engineering 75

3.4 Conclusion and Perspective 79

Acknowledgment 79

References 79

4 Influence of Filler Surface Modification on the Properties of PP Composites 83
Devrim Balköse

4.1 Introduction 83

4.2 Silica Modification 83

4.3 Glass 85

4.4 Silicates 87

4.5 Mg(OH)2 and Eggshell Modification 92

4.6 Cellulose 94

4.7 Carbon 101

4.8 Conclusion 104

References 105

5 ScCO2 Techniques for Surface Modification of Micro- and Nanoparticles 109
Pascale Subra-Paternault and Conception Domingo

5.1 Introduction 109

5.2 Compressed CO2 and {CO2 + Solvent} Properties 113

5.3 Modification of Particles Using CO2 as Solvent (Route 1) 117

5.3.1 Chemical Grafting 117

5.3.1.1 Dyeing 118

5.3.1.2 Silanization 119

5.3.1.3 Application-Driven Processes 123

5.3.2 Decoration of Structures by Physical Deposition 125

5.3.2.1 By Metals (scCO2 Precursor Deposition and Post-decomposition) 125

5.3.2.2 With Neat Ingredients (scCO2 Infiltration, No Posttreatment) 127 5.4 Modification of Particles Using CO2 as Non-solvent...