"Tuhoe mana motuhake vs the force of New Zealand colonialism. This is a patient and perceptive work unraveling stratagems of contrasting ambition so we may comprehend the cultural instincts of 1890-1920 Aotearoa. Dr. Webster proves his deep understanding of kinship dynamics, hapu politics and the Tuhoe passion for autonomy."

-Tamati Kruger, Representative in the Tuhoe Te Uru Taumatua, New Zealand

Following on from Volume I on the formation of the Urewera District Native Reserve, this monograph examines the period from 1908 to 1926, during which time the Crown subverted Tuhoe control of the UDNR, established a mere decade earlier. While Volume I described how the Tuhoe were able to deploy kin-based power to manipulate Crown power as well as confront one another, this volume describes ways in which the same ancestral descent groups closed ranks to survive nearly two decades of predatory Crown policies determined to dismantle their sanctuary. A relentless Crown campaign to purchase individual Tuhoe land shares ultimately resulted in a misleading Crown scheme to consolidate and relocate Tuhoe land shares, thereby freeing up land for the settlement of non- Tuhoe farmers. By the 1950s, over 200 small Tuhoe blocks were scattered throughout one of the largest National Parks in New Zealand. Although greatly weakened by these policies in terms of kinship solidarity as well as land and other resources, Tuhoe resistance continued until the return of the entire park in 2014-with unreserved apologies and promises of future support.

Auteur

Steven Webster, PhD, is Honorary Research Fellow at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, where he taught Social Anthropology and Mori Studies before his retirement. Since the 1980s, he has been closely involved in issues of Mori land, Mori history, ethnic politics, and political economy in New Zealand.

Résumé

Following on from Volume I on the formation of the Urewera District Native Reserve, this monograph examines the period from 1908 to 1926, during which time the Crown subverted Thoe control of the UDNR, established a mere decade earlier. While Volume I described how the Thoe were able to deploy kin-based power to manipulate Crown power as well as confront one another, this volume describes ways in which the same ancestral descent groups closed ranks to survive nearly two decades of predatory Crown policies determined to dismantle their sanctuary. A relentless Crown campaign to purchase individual Thoe land shares ultimately resulted in a misleading Crown scheme to consolidate and relocate Thoe land shares, thereby freeing up land for the settlement of non- Thoe farmers. By the 1950s, over 200 small Thoe blocks were scattered throughout one of the largest National Parks in New Zealand. Although greatly weakened by these policies in terms of kinship solidarity as well as land and other resources, Thoe resistance continued until the return of the entire park in 2014with unreserved apologies and promises of future support.

In both volumes of A Separate Authority (He Mana Motuhake), Webster takes the stance of an ethnohistorian: he not only examines the various ways control over the Urewera District Native Reserve (UDNR) was negotiated, subverted or betrayed, and renegotiated during this time period, but also focuses on the role of Mori hap, ancestral descent groups and their leaders, including the political economic influence of extensive marriage alliances between them. The ethnohistorical approach developed here may be useful to other studies of governance, indigenous resistance, and reform, whether in New Zealand or elsewhere.

Contenu

Part 1: Introduction

Chapter 1: Introduction

1. A brief ethnohistorical overview

2. A review of Volume 1 of 'A Separate Authority (He Mana Motuhake)'

3. A base-line in social theory

4. A preview of the following chapters

5. A eulogy for Judith Binney

Part II: The Thoe Sanctuary and the Crown Purchasing Campaign

Chapter 2: The Tamaikoha Descent Group in the Crown Purchasing Campaign

1. Introduction

2. Research sources

3. An ethnohistorical illustration: the Tamaikoha descent group

4. Deaths and successions in the descent group

5. Pupuri whenua: 'land withholders' in the descent group

6. Conclusion

Chapter 3: The Purchasing Strategy and Thoe Resistance

1. The Crown's purchasing strategy

2. Bowler's network of purchasing venues and agents

3. Identifying individual shares and publishing lists of non-sellers

4. Successions, trustees, and the Native Trustee

5. Getting on top of successions and certifying Thoe competence to sell

6. The relative predicaments of the Crown and Thoe

Part III: The Thoe Sanctuary and the Urewera Consolidation Scheme

Chapter 4: Proposals for the Urewera Consolidation Scheme and Rising Thoe Resistance

1. Introduction

2. Previous reports

3. A preview of the Tauarau procedures

4. The Thoe representatives

5. What were the Crown's proposals?

6. The Crown's evacuation plans

7. Conclusion

Chapter 5: Negotiations at Tauarau and the Urgency of Legislation 1. Introduction2. Forming consolidation groups 3. The persistence of Thoe descent groups4. Groupbooks and successions5. The routines of implementation and the UCS minutebooks6. The urgency of legislation7. Conclusion Part IV: **Closing or Breaking Ranks in the Face of Crown Power

Chapter 6: The Crown's Retreat in the Lower Basins1. Introduction2. Negotiations in the lower Whakatane - Tauranga/Waimana basins *3. Probable negotiations in the Tauranga/Waimana River basin 4. Probable negotiations in the Whakatane River basin 5. The Crown's relinquishment of Te Poroporo and retreat in Te Tuahu 6. Mana and the power of the CrownChapter 7: The Crown's Covert Tactics: Piecemeal Deductions and Continuing Purchases 1. Introduction2. The Crown's deployment of piecemeal deductions3. The Crown's persistence in continuing purchases4. Weakening the opposition5. ConclusionChapter 8: The Apitihana Movement Faces the Crown1. Introduction2. The misplaced 191213 Ruathuna partition and onset of Crown purchases3. The migrant marriage alliance and the Apitihana movement *4. The April 1922 confrontations in Ruathuna5. The Apitihana is refused access to the lists of sellers6. The Umuroa case and the vulnerability of kin-based power7. ConclusionChapter 9: The hua Te Rangi hap cluster and the Apitihana1.&a...