Sperm Competition and the Evolution of Animal Mating systems

Sperm Competition and the Evolution of Animal Mating Systems describes the role of sperm competition in selection on a range of attributes from gamete morphology to species mating systems.
This book is organized into 19 chapters and begins with the conceptualization of sperm competition as a subset of sexual selection and its implications for the insects. The following chapter describes the relationship between multiple mating and female fitness, with an emphasis on determining the conditions under which selection on females is likely to counteract selection on males for avoiding sperm competition. Other chapters consider the female perspective on sperm competition; the evolutionary causation at the level of the individual male gamete; and the correlation of high paternal investment and sperm precedence in the insects. The remaining chapters are arranged phylogenetically and explore the sperm competition in diverse animal taxa, such as the Drosophila, Lepidoptera, spiders, amphibians, and reptiles. These chapters also cover the evolution of direct versus indirect sperm transfer among the arachnids or the problem for kinship theory presented by multiple mating and sperm competition in the Hymenoptera. This book further discusses the remarkable potential for sperm competition among certain temperate bat species whose females store sperm through winter hibernation and the mixed strategies and male-caused female genital trauma as possible sperm competition adaptations in poeciliid fishes. The concluding chapter examines the predictions concerning testes size and mating systems in the primates and the possible role of sperm competition in human selection.
This book is of great value to reproductive biologists and researchers.

Contenu

List of Contributors
Preface

1. Sperm Competition and the Evolution of Animal Mating Strategies
   I. Introduction
   II. The Evolution of the Two Sexes
   III. Gamete Investment Versus Other Reproductive Effort
   IV. The Evolution of Internal Fertilization
   V. Sperm Competition and Conflicting Evolutionary Forces
   VI. Female Interests (Mate Choice, Diversity of Progeny, Sperm Depletion, Paternal Investment)
   VII. Resolution of Sexual Conflict: Evolutionary Dynamics of Sperm Competition Systems
   VIII. Expenditure on Paternity Assurance
   IX. Multiple Versus Single Ejaculation
   X. Sperm Competition and Male-male Disputes
   XI. Sperm Size and Number With Internal Fertilization
   XII. Summary
   References
2. Male Sperm Competition Avoidance Mechanisms: The Influence of Female Interests
   I. Introduction
   II. Costs to Females
   III. The Resolution of Conflicting Male and Female Interests
   IV. Natural History Patterns and Model Parameters
   V. Summary
   References
3. Sperm in Competition
   I. Introduction
   II. Intraejaculate Competition and Male/Gamete Conflict
   III. Interejaculate Competition
   IV. Competition Between Choosing Females and Sperm
   V. Competition Among Symbiotic Genomes
   VI. Discussion and Conclusions
   VII. Summary
   References
4. Male Mating Effort, Confidence of Paternity, and Insect Sperm Competition
   I. Introduction
   II. Mating Effort, Parental Effort, and the Evolution of Sexual Differences
   III. Evolution of Nonpromiscuous Mating Effort and Parental Effort
   IV. Can Mating Effort and Parental Effort Be Distinguished?
   V. Paternal Investment and Confidence of Paternity in Insects
   VI. Insect Sperm Competition Studies
   VII. Paternal Investment and Sperm Precedence
   VIII. Paternity-ensuring Mechanisms
   IX. Discussion and Conclusions
   X. Summary
   References
5. Alternative Hypotheses for Traits Believed to Have Evolved by Sperm Competition
   I. Introduction
   II. The Dorsal Clamp of Male Panorpa
   III. Other Traits Often Viewed as Evolved by Sperm Competition
   IV. Methodology Used to Study Evolved Function
   V. Summary
   References
6. Sperm Transfer and Utilization Strategies in Arachnids: Ecological and Morphological Constraints
   I. Introduction
   II. Indirect Sperm Transfer Without Pair Formation (Group II)
   III. Indirect Sperm Transfer With Pair Formation (Group I)
   IV. Direct Sperm Transfer (Group III)
   V. Summary
   References
7. Evolution of Sperm Priority Patterns in Spiders
   I. Introduction
   II. Current Knowledge on Spider Sperm Priority
   III. Phylogenetic Constraints
   IV. Sperm Priority: The Female Perspective
   V. Sperm Precedence: The Male Perspective
   VI. Combined Perspectives
   VII. Summary
   References
8. Sperm Competition and the Evolution of Odonate Mating Systems
   I. Introduction
   II. Sexual Selection and Sperm Competition
   III. Demonstrating Sperm Competition in Odonates
   IV. Sperm Displacement Ability
   V. Sperm Competition and Odonate Postcopulatory Behavior
   VI. Odonate Mating Systems
   VII. Summary
   References
9. Multiple Mating and Sperm Competition in the Lepidoptera
   I. Introduction
   II. Reproductive Anatomy and Sperm Dynamics
   III. Mating Frequency in Natural Populations
   IV. Sperm Priority Patterns and Evolution of Mating Behavior
   V. Summary
   References
10. Sperm Transfer and Use in the Multiple Mating System of Drosophila
    I. Introduction
    II. Sperm Storage and Utilization
    III. Repeated Mating
    IV. Mechanisms of Sperm Predominance
    V. Evolutionary Significance
    VI. Summary
    References
11. Sperm Competition, Kinship, and Sociality in the Aculeate Hymenoptera
    I. Introduction
    II. Hymenoptera Reproductive Biology
    III. Sperm Competition in the Aculeata
    IV. Social Consequences of Sperm Competition
    V. Conclusion: What Is To Be Done?
    VI. Summary
    References
12. Sperm Competition in Poeciliid Fishes
    I. Introduction
    II. Biology of Poeciliid Fishes
    III. Behavior of Poeciliid Fishes
    IV. Multiple Insemination
    V. Sperm Replacement
    VI. The Role of Sperm Competition in the Evolution of Poeciliid Reproductive Traits
    VII. Summary
    References
13. Sperm Competition in Amphibians
    I. Introduction
    II. Anurans
    III. Apodans
    IV. Urodeles
    V. Mating in Hynobiids
    VI. Testing for Sperm Competition
    VII. Summary
    References
14. Potential for Sperm Competition in Reptiles: Behavioral and Physiological Consequences
    I. Introduction
    II. Prerequisites for Sperm Competition in Reptiles
    III. Sperm Competition in Females and Its Evolutionary Consequences for Males
    IV. Factors Influencing the Inclination to Mate More Than Once
    V. Summary
    References
15. Sperm Competition in Apparently Monogamous Birds
    I. Introduction
    II. Physiological Considerations
    III. Copulatory Behavior in Birds
    IV. Forced Copulation and Sperm Competition in Waterfowl
    V. Extrapair Copulation in Other Monogamous Birds
    VI. Extrapair Copulation in Partially Monogamous Birds
    VII. Discussion
    VIII. Summary
    References
16. Sperm Competition in Muroid Rodents
    I. Introduction
    II. Reproductive Systems in Rodents
    III. Sperm Competition, Order Effects, and Differential Fertilizing Capacity
    IV. Implications and Extensions of Studies of Mating Order and Differential Fertilizing Capacity
    V. Ejaculation Frequency and Sperm Competition
    VI. Simultaneous Sperm Competition
    VII. Implications for the Evolution of Mating Strategies
    VIII. Conclusions and Directions for Further Research
    IX. Summary
    References
17. Sperm Competition? The Case of Vespertilionid and Rhinolophid Bats
    I. Introduction
    II. Chastity Plugs?
    III. "Disco" Mating System
    IV. Sperm Competition?
    V. What Next?
    VI. Summary
    References
18. Sperm Competition, Testes Size, and Breeding Systems in …