Speech and Language

Speech and Language: Volume 3, Advances in Basic Research and Practice is a compendium of papers that discusses theories, clinical issues, and pathology of language and speech. Some papers discuss theories of phonological development, the encoding/decoding system of language, and the application of phonological universals in speech pathology. Other papers deal with the role of the speech-language clinician, a psychological framework for speech perception, and the formulation of a model for biomechanical analysis of velopharyngeal structure and function. Several papers analyze speech control mechanisms in skilled and non-skilled speakers, the rationale for the delayed auditory feedback (DAF) treatment program, and biofeedback in relation to speech pathology. One paper cites a study of Williams (1974) that shows strategies used in learning a new phonetic system depend upon whether the speaker is still within the critical period for language learning or already well beyond it. The paper notes that if adults can ignore their previously learned sound system and be childlike again in their freedom to experiment and be sensitivity to their own results, then they can achieve supra-segmental and segmental nuances of a new language. The compendium can prove helpful for linguists, ethnologists, psychologists, speech therapists, researchers in linguistics or communications, and general readers interested in speech or learning issues.

Contenu

List of Contributors
Preface
Contents of Previous Volumes
Theories of Phonological Development
I. Introduction
II. Early Theories of Phonological Development
III. Current Theories of Phonological Development
IV. Analysis of Phonological Theories
V. Problems Facing Phonological Theorists
References
Phonology and Phonetics as Part of the Language Encoding/Decoding System
I. Introduction
II. Language as an Encoding/Decoding System
III. Rules
IV. Phonological and Phonetic Encoding
V. Active Encoding/Decoding
VI. Constraint and Inhibition
VII. Time in Phonetics
VIII. Production for Perception
IX. Electrical to Mechanical Interface
X. The Idealized Form
XI. Departure from Ideal
XII. Automatic Phonetics?
XIII. Precision and Replication
XIV. Invariance
XV. Summary
References
The Application of Phonological Universals in Speech Pathology
I. Introduction
II. How Phonological Universals Are Manifested
III. Origin of Phonological Universals
IV. Parallels
V. What to Look for
VI. The Auditory Basis of Speech: Suggestions for Therapeutic Methods
VII. The Importance of Acoustic Modulations
VIII. Conclusion
References
The Pediatric Language Specialist: An Innovative Approach to Early Language Intervention and the Role of the Speech-Language Clinician
I. Introduction
II. Job Description of the Pediatric Language Specialist
III. Language Differences versus Language Deficits
IV. Preschool Programs: Head-Start and Day-Care Nursery Schools
V. Compensatory Education and Bidialectal-Bicultural Teaching
VI. Testing
VII. Programming for Developmental Language
VIII. Paralinguistics
IX. Self-Concept and the Rosenthal Effect
X. Summary Statement
References
Speech Perception: A Framework for Research and Theory
I. Introduction
II. Pattern Recognition
III. Contextual Influences
IV. Summary
References
Velopharyngeal Structure and Function: A Model for Biomechanical Analysis
I. Introduction
II. The Eighteenth Century and Before
III. The Nineteenth Century
IV. Twentieth Century: The First Two Decades
V. Wardill, Whillis, and Veau: 1928-1936
VI. The Next Ten Years: 1939-1949
VII. The Fifties: Beginnings Readdressed
VIII. The Sixties: Complexity and Simplicity
IX. The Seventies: Solutions and Debates
X. Discussion
XI. Potpourri
XII. Considerations in Biomechanical Analysis
References
Use of Feedback in Established and Developing Speech
I. Introduction
II. Control Mechanisms for Speech
III. Effects of Altered Feedback
IV. Feedback during Speech Acquisition
V. Control of Established Speech
VI. Conclusion
References
Delayed Auditory Feedback and Stuttering: Theoretical and Clinical Implications
I. Introduction
II. DAF Effect with Normal Speakers
III. DAF Effect with Stutterers
IV. Discussion
V. Conclusions
Appendix: DAF Bibliography, 1965-1979
References
Biofeedback: Theory and Application to Speech Pathology
I. Introduction
II. Speech Mechanisms as Closed-Cycle Systems
III. Interruption of Established Feedback Systems
IV. Biofeedback Intervention
V. Applications in Speech Pathology
VI. Potential Applications
VII. Research Needs in Biofeedback
VIII. Summary and Conclusions
References
Index