MRI Contrast Agents

This book describes the multiple aspects of (i) preparation of the magnetic core, (ii) the stabilization with different coatings, (iii) the physico-chemical characterization and (iv) the vectorization to obtain specific nanosystems. Several bio-applications are also presented in this book. In the early days of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), paramagnetic ions were proposed as contrast agents to enhance the diagnostic quality of MR images. Since then, academic and industrial efforts have been devoted to the development of new and more efficient molecular, supramolecular and nanoparticular systems. Old concepts and theories, like paramagnetic relaxation, were revisited and exploited, leading to new scientific tracks. With their high relaxivity payload, the superparamagnetic nanoparticles are very appealing in the context of molecular imaging but challenges are still numerous: absence of toxicity, specificity, ability to cross the biological barriers, etc.

Auteur
Dr. Sophie Laurent was born in 1967. Her studies were performed at the University of Mons-Hainaut (Belgium) where she received her PhD in Chemistry in 1993. She joined then Prof R.N. Muller's team and was involved in the development (synthesis and physicochemical characterization) of paramagnetic Gd complexes and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as contrast agents for MRI. She is currently working on the vectorization of contrast agents for molecular imaging. She is associate professor and co-author around 170 publications and more than 250 communications in international meetings.
Dr. Dimitri Stanicki did his graduate work at the University of Mons (Ph.D. degree in 2010), where he achieved the synthesis of organic compounds for the treatment of parasitic diseases. In 2011, he joined R. Muller's research group (MRI) where he started to develop new nanosystems for molecular imaging applications. He is the co-author of approximatively 10 publications, including a patentand a chapter book in the field of superparamagnetic contrast agents.
Dr. Robert N. Muller, PhD in chemistry 1974 from the University of Mons-Hainaut where he was successively appointed Assistant, Lecturer and full Professor. Post-doctoral studies in Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Paul C. Lauterbur's (2003 Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology) research group (MRI) at the State University of New York at Stony Brook in 1981-82 and sabbatical leave at the Center for Magnetic Resonance (CERM), Florence, Italy, in 2002-2003. He produced around 280 publications and 6 books. Currently Scientific Director of the Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Gosselies, Belgium.

Contenu
Nanomaterials in medicine.- Magnetic properties (diamagnetism, paramagnetism, ferromagnetism, ferrimagnetism, antiferromagnetism, superparamagnetism).- Imaging probes.- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).- Bases of MRI.- MRI contrast agents.- Paramagnetic gadolinium complexes.- Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles.- Synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles.- Stabilization of magnetic nanoparticles.- Physico-chemical characterization of nanoparticles.- MRI applications.- Conclusions.