Social Dimensions of Moral Responsibility

To what extent are we responsible for our actions? Philosophical theorizing about this question has recently taken a social turn, marking a shift in focus from traditional metaphysical concerns about free will and determinism. Recent theories have attended to the interpersonal dynamics at the heart of moral responsibility practices and the role of the moral environment in scaffolding agency. Yet, the implications of social inequality and the role of social power for our moral responsibility practices remains a surprisingly neglected topic. The conception of agency involved in current approaches to moral responsibility is overly idealized, assuming that our practices involve interactions between equally empowered and situated agents. In twelve new essays and a substantial introduction, this volume systematically challenges this assumption, exploring the impact of social factors such as power relationships and hierarchies, paternalism, socially constructed identities, race, gender and class on moral responsibility. Social factors have bearing on the circumstances in which agents act as well as on the person or people in the position to hold that agent accountable for his or her action. Additionally, social factors bear on the parties who pass judgment on the agent. Leading theorists of moral responsibility, including Michael McKenna, Marina Oshana, and Manuel Vargas, consider the implications of oppression and structural inequality for their respective theories. Neil Levy urges the need to refocus our analyses of the epistemic and control conditions for moral responsibility from individual to socially extended agents. Leading theorists of relational autonomy, including Catriona Mackenzie, Natalie Stoljar and Andrea Westlund develop new insights into the topic of moral responsibility. Other contributors bring debates about moral responsibility into dialogue with recent work in feminist philosophy, social epistemology and social psychology on topics such as epistemic injustice and implicit bias. Collectively, the essays in this volume reorient philosophical debates about moral responsibility in important new directions.

Auteur

Katrina Hutchison is a research fellow in philosophy at Macquarie University, Sydney. She works mainly in bioethics and moral psychology. Her research draws on feminist scholarship and is unified by concern for those who lack social power. Catriona Mackenzie is Professor of Philosophy and Associate Dean in the Faculty of Arts at Macquarie University, Sydney. She has published extensively in moral psychology, feminist philosophy and applied ethics. Within these areas she is known especially for her work on relational autonomy and practical identity. Marina Oshana is Professor of Philosophy at the University of California, Davis. Her research reflects her evolving interest in the nature of personal autonomy and the conditions for autonomous agency, the meaning of moral responsibility and the conditions for responsible agency, and the nature of the self and of self-identity. She has published widely in these areas, as well as in feminist analyses of responsibility and in philosophy of law.

Contenu

Contributors List Introduction: Moral Responsibility in Contexts of Structural Injustice Katrina Hutchison, Catriona Mackenzie, and Marina Oshana 1. Power, Social Inequities, and the Conversational Theory of Moral Responsibility Michael McKenna 2. Moral Responsibility and the Social Dynamics of Power and Oppression Catriona Mackenzie 3. Ascriptions of Responsibility Given Commonplace Relations of Power Marina Oshana 4. The Social Constitution of Agency and Responsibility: Oppression, Politics, and Moral Ecology Manuel R. Vargas 5. Two Ways of Socializing Moral Responsibility: Circumstantialism vs. Scaffolded Responsiveness Jules Holroyd 6. Respecting Each Other and Taking Responsibility for our Biases Elinor Mason 7. Socializing Responsibility Neil Levy 8. Moral Responsibility, Respect and Social Identity Katrina Hutchison 9. Answerability: A Condition of Autonomy or Moral Responsibility (or Both)? Natalie Stoljar 10. Answerability Without Blame? Andrea C. Westlund 11. Personal Relationships and Blame: Scanlon and the Reactive Attitudes Bennett W. Helm 12. Sharing Responsibility: The Importance of Tokens of Appraisals to our Moral Practices Maureen Sie