Nutrition: A Lifespan Approach

Traditionally, nutrition textbooks have divided human nutrition into basic science, public health and clinical nutrition, however in this exciting new textbook, Professor Simon Langley-Evans spans these divisions, bringing together the full range of disciplines into one accessible book through the lifespan approach. Taking the reader through how the body s demand for nutrients continues to change across the many stages of life, such an approach allows full consideration of how diet relates to health, wellbeing and disease and provides an excellent vehicle to illustrate the key concepts in nutrition science. Carefully structured with the student s needs in mind, each chapter includes: Learning objectives Research highlights, clearly displayed in boxes Suggested further reading Summary boxes Brief self-assessment tests Additional resources are published on the book s website: www.wiley.com/go/langleyevans Nutrition: A Lifespan Approach will provide the undergraduate student of nutrition with an excellent learning resource. The book will also be a valuable tool for those studying areas such as human biology, health studies and sports science, where an understanding of human nutrition is required. Professionals working in nutrition, dietetics and related health sciences will also find much of value within this book. Libraries in all universities and research establishments where nutrition, dietetics, health and medical sciences are studied and taught should have copies of this book available on their shelves.

Auteur
Professor Simon Langley Evans is Chair in Human Nutrition in the School of Biosciences at the University of Nottingham, UK. His specialist research interests are focused upon nutrition in pregnancy and the impact of sub-optimal nutrition upon fetal development and long-term risk of disease. Professor Langley-Evans is actively involved in the teaching of nutrition at undergraduate and postgraduate level. He is the author of over 100 research articles and is regularly invited to speak about his research at international conferences.

Contenu
Preface. Acknowledgments.

1. Introduction to Lifespan Nutrition.

1.1 The lifespan approach to nutrition.

1.2 The concept of balance.

1.2.1 A supply and demand model.

1.2.2 Overnutrition.

1.2.3 Undernutrition.

1.2.3.1 Increased demand.

1.2.3.2 The metabolic response to trauma.

1.2.3.3 Compromised supply and deficiency.

1.2.3.4 Malnutrition.

1.2.4 Classical balance studies.

1.2.5 Overall nutritional status.

1.3 Nutrition requirements change across the lifespan.

1.4 Assessment of nutritional status.

1.4.1 Anthropometric measures.

1.4.2 Estimating dietary intakes.

1.4.2.1 Indirect measures.

1.4.2.2 Direct measures.

1.4.3 Biomarkers of nutritional status.

1.4.4 Clinical examination.

1.5 Dietary reference values.

1.5.1 The UK dietary reference value system.

1.5.2 Dietary reference values in other countries.

2. Before Life Begins.

2.1 Introduction.

2.2 Nutrition and female fertility.

2.2.1 Determinants of fertility and infertility.

2.2.1.1 The endocrine control of female reproduction.

2.2.1.2 Disordered reproductive cycling.

2.2.1.3 Polycystic ovary syndrome.

2.2.1.4 Assisted reproductive technologies.

2.2.2 Importance of body fat.

2.2.3 Role of leptin.

2.2.4 Antioxidant nutrients.

2.2.5 Caffeine and alcohol.

2.3 Nutrition and male fertility.

2.3.1 Determinants of fertility and infertility.

2.3.2 Obesity.

2.3.3 Diabetes.

2.3.4 Alcohol.

2.3.5 Zinc.

2.3.6 Antioxidant nutrients.

2.3.7 Selenium.

2.3.8 Phytoestrogens and environmental estrogens.

2.3.8.1 Phthalates.

2.3.8.2 Phytoestrogens.

2.3.8.3 Pesticides.

2.4 Preparation for pregnancy.

2.4.1 Why prepare for pregnancy?

2.4.2 Vitamin A and liver.

2.4.3 Folic acid and neural tube defects.

2.4.3.1 Supplementation with folic acid.

2.4.3.2 Fortification with folic acid.

3. Pregnancy.

3.1 Introduction.

3.2 Physiological demands of pregnancy.

3.2.1 Maternal weight gain and body composition changes.

3.2.2 Blood volume expansion and cardiovascular changes.

3.2.3 Renal changes.

3.2.4 Respiratory changes.

3.2.5 Gastrointestinal changes.

3.2.6 Metabolic adaptations.

3.3 Nutrient requirements in pregnancy.

3.3.1 Energy, protein, and lipids.

3.3.2 Micronutrients.

3.3.2.1 Iron.

3.3.2.2 Calcium and other minerals.

3.3.2.3 Vitamin D.

3.4 Diet in relation to pregnancy outcomes.

3.4.1 Miscarriage and stillbirth.

3.4.2 Premature labor.

3.4.2.1 Pre-pregnancy BMI and pregnancy weight gain.

3.4.2.2 Alcohol and caffeine consumption.

3.4.2.3 Oral health.

3.4.3 Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

3.4.3.1 The etiology of PE.

3.4.3.2 Nutrition-related factors and PE.

3.4.4 Abnormal labor.

3.5 Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP).

3.5.1 NVP as a normal physiological process.

3.5.2 Hyperemesis gravidarum.

3.6 Cravings and aversions.

3.6.1 Pica.

3.7 Gastrointestinal disturbances in pregnancy.

3.8 High-risk pregnancies.

3.8.1 Gestational diabetes.

3.8.2 Multiple pregnancies.

3.8.3 Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

4. Fetal Nutrition and Disease in Later Life.

4.1 Introduction.

4.2 The developmental origins of adult disease.

4.2.1 The concept of programming.

4.2.2 Fetal programming and human disease. 4.3 Evidence linking maternal nutrition to disease in later...