Principles of Turbomachinery

A newly updated and expanded edition that combines theory and applications of turbomachinery while covering several different types of turbomachinery

In mechanical engineering, turbomachinery describes machines that transfer energy between a rotor and a fluid, including turbines, compressors, and pumps. Aiming for a unified treatment of the subject matter, with consistent notation and concepts, this new edition of a highly popular book provides all new information on turbomachinery, and includes 50% more exercises than the previous edition. It allows readers to easily move from a study of the most successful textbooks on thermodynamics and fluid dynamics to the subject of turbomachinery. The book also builds concepts systematically as progress is made through each chapter so that the user can progress at their own pace.

Principles of Turbomachinery, 2nd Edition provides comprehensive coverage of everything readers need to know, including chapters on: thermodynamics, compressible flow, and principles of turbomachinery analysis. The book also looks at steam turbines, axial turbines, axial compressors, centrifugal compressors and pumps, radial inflow turbines, hydraulic turbines, hydraulic transmission of power, and wind turbines. New chapters on droplet laden flows of steam and oblique shocks help make this an incredibly current and well-rounded resource for students and practicing engineers.

• Includes 50% more exercises than the previous edition

• Uses MATLAB or GNU/OCTAVE for all the examples and exercises for which computer calculations are needed, including those for steam

• Allows for a smooth transition from the study of thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, and heat transfer to the subject of turbomachinery for students and professionals

• Organizes content so that more difficult material is left to the later sections of each chapter, allowing instructors to customize and tailor their courses for their students

Principles of Turbomachinery is an excellent book for students and professionals in mechanical, chemical, and aeronautical engineering.

Auteur

SEPPO A. KORPELA, PHD, has taught in the mechanical engineering department of Ohio State University for 40 years. He has engaged in research in thermal sciences and engineering, which has resulted in over 50 journal publications, and written about the world's energy recourses.

Contenu
Foreword xv

Acknowledgments xvii

About the Companion Website xix

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Energy and Fluid Machines 1

1.1.1 Energy conversion of fossil fuels 1

1.1.2 Steam turbines 2

1.1.3 Gas turbines 3

1.1.4 Hydraulic turbines 4

1.1.5 Wind turbines 5

1.1.6 Compressors 5

1.1.7 Pumps and blowers 5

1.1.8 Other uses and issues 6

1.2 Historical Survey 7

1.2.1 Water power 7

1.2.2 Wind turbines 8

1.2.3 Steam turbines 9

1.2.4 Jet propulsion 10

1.2.5 Industrial turbines 11

1.2.6 Pumps and compressors 11

1.2.7 Note on units 12

2 Principles of Thermodynamics and Fluid Flow 15

2.1 Mass Conservation Principle 15

2.2 First Law of Thermodynamics 17

2.3 Second Law of Thermodynamics 19

2.3.1 Tds-equations 19

2.4 Equations of State 20

2.4.1 Properties of steam 21

2.4.2 Ideal gases 27

2.4.3 Air tables and isentropic relations 29

2.4.4 Ideal gas mixtures 32

2.4.5 Incompressibility 36

2.4.6 Stagnation state 37

2.5 Efficiency 37

2.5.1 Efficiency measures 37

2.5.2 Thermodynamic losses 43

2.5.3 Incompressible fluid 45

2.5.4 Compressible flows 46

2.6 Momentum Balance 48

Exercises 56

3 Compressible Flow 63

3.1 Mach Number and The Speed of Sound 63

3.1.1 Mach number relations 65

3.2 Isentropic Flow with Area Change 67

3.2.1 Converging nozzle 71

3.3 Influence of Friction on Flow Through Nozzles 73

3.3.1 Polytropic efficiency 73

3.3.2 Loss coefficients 77

3.3.3 Nozzle efficiency 81

3.3.4 Combined Fanno flow and area change 82

3.4 Supersonic Nozzle 87

3.5 Normal Shocks 90

3.5.1 RankineHugoniot relations 95

3.6 Moving Shocks 98

3.7 Oblique shocks and Expansion Fans 100

3.7.1 Mach waves 100

3.7.2 Oblique shocks 101

3.7.3 Supersonic flow over a rounded concave corner 107

3.7.4 Reflected shocks and shock interactions 108

3.7.5 Mach reflection 110

3.7.6 Detached oblique shocks 110

3.7.7 PrandtlMeyer theory 112

Exercises 124

4 Gas Dynamics of Wet Steam 131

4.1 Compressible Flow of Wet Steam 132

4.1.1 ClausiusClapeyron equation 132

4.1.2 Adiabatic exponent 133

4.2 Conservation Equations for Wet Steam 137

4.2.1 Relaxation times 139

4.2.2 Conservation equations in their working form 144

4.2.3 Sound speeds 146

4.3 Relaxation Zones 149

4.3.1 Type I wave 149

4.3.2 Type II wave 154

4.3.3 Type III wave 157

4.3.4 Combined relaxation 157

4.3.5 Flow in a variable area nozzle 159

4.4 Shocks in Wet Steam 161

4.4.1 Evaporation in the flow after the shock 164

4.5 Condensation Shocks 167

4.5.1 Jump conditions across a condensation shock 169

Exercises 174

5 Principles of Turbomachine Analysis 177

5.1 Velocity Triangles 178

5.2 Moment of Momentum Balance 181

5.3 Energy Transfer in Turbomachines 182

5.3.1 Trothalpy and specific work in terms of velocities 186

5.3.2 Degree of reaction 189

5.4 Utilization 191

5.5 Scaling and Similitude 198

5.5.1 Similitude 198

5.5.2 Incompressible flow 199

5.5.3 Shape parameter or specific speed and specific diameter 202

5.5.4 Compressible flow analysis 206

5.6 Performance Characteristics 208

5.6.1 Compressor performance map 208

5.6.2 Turbine performance map 209

Exercises 210 &lt...